4 Water Well Types That You Should Learn About

If you are looking for an alternative water source for your home, you should consider digging a well. When you decide to have a water well on your property, it is important to understand the types of wells available so that you can make the best decision. It is also important to talk to an expert before you make this important decision. The well that you choose will determine the water quality and quantity that you receive. It will also affect the maintenance process that you will require.

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1. Dug Well

Dug wells are shallow and they are not the best option for your drinking water. This type of well poses the highest risk of contamination of the water supply due to poor protection from surface water. A dug well usually consists of a large diameter hole that is usually over 2 feet wide, and it can be constructed by hand or using excavation equipment. The large-diameter wells are usually constructed using corrugated galvanized steel or prefabricated concrete tile. Older wells are often constructed of stone, brick, or wood cribbing and they are very susceptible to surface-water seepage.

2. Bored Well

Bored wells are constructed using a boring machine and they usually have an average depth of about 15 m or 50 ft., although some wells are 30m or 100 ft. deep. The wells that are usually about 2 feet in diameter are constructed using an earth auger and concrete is the most common material used. As these wells are typically shallow, they are susceptible to contamination. Apart from the high risk of contamination, the low water levels mean that the wells are often the first to go dry during drought.

3. Driven Point Well

The sand-point or driven-point wells are constructed using assembled lengths of pipe that are driven into the ground. These wells are usually small in diameter- about 2 inches or less, and they are less than 50 feet in depth. These types of wells can only be installed in locations with relatively loose soils, such as sand and gravel aquifers. They are driven into the ground or inserted using high water pressure and they are often only installed in places with a shallow water table that contains little or no stones.

4. Drilled Well

Drilled wells often refer to all the other types of wells, and this includes those that are constructed using a combination of driving and jetting. Drilled wells for farm use are usually 4 to 8 inches in diameter and they pose a low risk of contamination when properly constructed. Drilled wells can get water from bedrock aquifers and overburden. The overburden wells are usually composed of sands and gravels and they include those constructed into the geological materials that are above bedrock.

Most water wells come with a well screen that lets groundwater into the well while keeping away sand and other materials. The well screen openings are properly sized to allow the sediment-free water to flow into the well, while enhancing the connection between the aquifer and the well. Water quality problems are directly related to the type of well, its condition, depth and the proximity to potential sources of contamination.

Many people take having fresh, clean water for granted, but an effective well system deserves much of the credit. CT well water systems tend to take one of three different forms: drilled wells, driven wells, and dug wells. The following is an overview of these three important well types:

1. Drilled Wells

Drilled wells are the most common well water systems CT uses. They require sea led casing to retain their integrity and can extend as far as 1,000 feet into the earth. Drilled wells can be constructed by rotary-drilling machines or cable tool (percussion).

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Casing and a screen are required for drilled wells that penetrate unconsolidated material to prevent collapse and sediment inflow. The space around the casing is sealed with grouting material of bentonite clay or neat cement. This helps prevent contamination from water draining off the surface and down to the casing exterior.

2. Driven Wells

Driven wells are the simplest and most basic well pump CT residents use. This well type is only dug around 30 feet deep if hand-driven but can be 50 feet deep or more if machine-driven. They are constructed through the driving of a small-diameter pipe into water-bearing, shallow gravel or sand.

A screened well point is usually implemented on the bottom of the casing first. These wells are the most economical to construct; however, they are only effective in shallow water and are at risk from being contaminated by surface sources due to not being sealed with grout material.

3. Dug Wells

The third well type is a dug well created through manual digging with a hand shovel. Historically, all wells were excavated in this manner. Digging continues past the water table until incoming water exceeds the bailing rate of the digger.

Dug wells have been traditionally lined with bricks, stones, tiles, or other resilient material to prevent collapse. They are capped with wood, stone, tile, or concrete. However, due to their shallow and rudimentary nature, they are highly prone to contamination. With much better options available, dug wells are not recommended.

Which Type of Well is Right for Your Home?

In light of construction processes, bored wells can extend much deeper under the water table than hand-dug versions. Both bored and dug wells have a large diameter, exposing a lot of water to the aquifer.

These well types can obtain water from less-permeable materials like silt, clay, and fine sand. Due to their shallow nature and lack of continuous grouting and casing, these well types are subject to contamination from surface sources, giving them a disadvantage. They can also run dry during droughts, especially if the water table drops lower than the well&#;s bottom.

For more information about well pump options in CT and well water systems CT can count on, contact Greco and Haines. We are the Connecticut Well Water Specialists who have been solving Connecticut&#;s well water issues since .

If you have an existing well water system that needs updating, replacement, or service, we can help. If you are building a brand-new home, we can assist with selecting and building the perfect new well system.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Water Well Rigs. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.