Plastic waste is a huge contributor to pollution. The wide variety of plastics that are not biodegradable or compostable and don’t get recycled spend millions of years sitting in landfills or end up in the ocean. 

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New forms of plastic and packaging are available that break down faster to combat the problem of pollution. Biodegradable plastics are starting to hit mainstream channels and can become your new go-to form of plastics for water bottles, plastic bags, and garbage bags. 

What Does Biodegradable Mean? 

"Biodegradable" is a term used for certain plastics that break down quicker than commonly used plastics. But just because something is biodegradable doesn’t mean it’ll break down immediately. The process still takes time and depends on how and where the biodegradable plastic gets discarded. 

Another difference between biodegradable and regular pieces of plastic is how the breakdown occurs. A biodegradable plastic breaks down naturally and doesn’t leak more pollution into the earth or water. There’s also a difference between a biodegradable object and a compostable object. Just because something is biodegradable doesn’t mean you can put it in your compost bin.

What Are Eco-Friendly Garbage Bags? 

Eco-friendly garbage bags are plastics made out of reusable, biodegradable, or compostable materials. However, reusable bags aren’t often an easy option for garbage bags. 

Biodegradable vs. degradable. Degradable plastic bags have a lot of chemicals and heavy metals in them. This can cause problems when the plastic starts to break down because the chemical and metals begin to seep into the ground and can pollute the Earth and waterways.

Other harmful parts of the breakdown process happen when animals start eating smaller, broken-down pieces of plastic. This is particularly problematic in the ocean with microplastics.

Biodegradable and degradable bags break down when sunlight and heat are exposed. The difference between these two is the material inside and how fast that breakdown process happens. 

Biodegradable vs. compostable. Biodegradable plastic bags are similar to degradable bags with added microorganisms that speed up the breakdown process. Compostable bags have natural components. These bags are made with natural plant starch and are free from toxic material. 

Compostable bags, as their name entails, can be put in your compost system and will break down quickly to form compost. You can't put biodegradable bags into your compost system. 

Compostable bags are great for lining containers in which you're collecting food waste or specific compostable materials. If you're using them as a catch-all garbage bag, you would need to separate the contents before putting the bag in your compost system.

3 Truths No One Tells You About Biodegradable Plastic Bags

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Are you under the impression that by reusing the biodegradable plastic bags from supermarket as trash bags you’re helping the environment?

Well, biodegradable trash bags aren’t as simple as what you think.

DO NOT MIX UP BIODEGRADABLE WITH COMPOSTABLE.

Let us break down the definition:

What is Biodegrable Bags?

Supermarkets distributes biodegradable plastic bags telling you to reuse the bags and you feel really good reusing them for trash. Or you choose to buy biodegradable trash bags rather than normal trash bags? Who doesn’t want to help the environment, right?

If you’re like me, you’ve preceded your purchase of biodegradable bags with a well-intended thought process that goes something like this: If I buy this bag, my trash will magically go back to nature — an ashes-to-ashes-dust-to-dust sort of thing — which makes me happier than imagining it rotting in a landfill. Not exactly how it should be.

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But what your mother never told you because she didn’t know — is that biodegradable trash bags are anything but the environment’s friend.

Here are three reasons why:

1.
Biodegradeable plastics cannot biodegrade if they are buried in the landfill or left in the sea.

In fact, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires landfills to block out air, moisture and sunlight which are the crucial elements for proper biodegradation.

According to Jacqueline McGlade, chief scientist at the UN Environment Programme, who told the Guardian that these biodegradable plastics were not a simple solution in the sea too.

“It’s well-intentioned but wrong. A lot of plastics labelled biodegradable, like shopping bags, will only break down in temperatures of 50C and that is not the ocean nor landfill. They are also not buoyant, so they’re going to sink, so they’re not going to be exposed to UV and break down,” she said.

There has been a lot of confusion surrounding these ecofriendlier plastics — some of it intentional. “This word ‘biodegradable’ has become very attractive to people trying to make quick bucks on it,” explains Ramani Narayan, a professor of chemical and biochemical engineering at Michigan State University, who helped develop biodegradable corn-based plastic. Some companies, he says, are making conventional plastic that degrades quickly and then throwing around claims about biodegradability that are unproven or just too good to be true.

That means that if your bag is like most “biodegradable” bags, after filling them with trash, tied them up throw them away, picked up by the sanitary workers and trucks, transported to the landfill, buried in the landfill, will stay as the plastics bags you see and changes NOTHING.

And while some companies thought having a biodegradable additive (a special film) on their biodegradable bags that lets them decompose completely, that claim has been challenged in court and still lacks consensus.

2.
Biodegradable plastics typically can’t be recycled with other plastic items.

A 2007 study which evaluated two brands of oxo-degradable and hydro-degradable bags, indicates that neither type of bag are perfectly compatible with the traditional plastic grocery bag recycling stream, which is typically low-density polyethylene (LDPE).

They are related to those little numbers you see on plastic bottles.

A №1 and a №2 can be recycled together, but throw in a biodegradable bag — a №7 plastic — and you’ll contaminate the whole “recyclable” load.

“If a №7 plastic is mixed in and melted down with plastics labeled №1 or №2, it would contaminate the entire load because the chemical make-up of biodegradable bags are so different.”

It’s like washing a bagful of white clothings and there’s a little dark blue knickers hidden somewhere among them. You wash them in 90C and out comes you ‘natural’ blue stains on all your whites.

3.
Biodegradable bags can harm the environment.

Yes, you read that right. When biodegradable trash bags wind up in landfills, decomposition happens at a much slower rate than if the trash were exposed to air, light and moisture.

Usually, nothing biodegrades in a landfill. But if biodegradable plastics do break down in this oxygen-free environment, they’ll emit methane, a greenhouse gas 23 times more potent than CO2.

As a result, methane gas gets released into the atmosphere. In fact, pound for pound, methane contributes 20 times more to the greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.

What about Oxo-biodegradable bags?

The Thai Bioplastics Industry Association is being urged to clarify its stance on whether oxo-biodegradable plastics known as “oxos”- should be termed biodegradable, as they are by some supermarket operators.

The difference between oxos and biodegradable plastics are not clear among the public, said Wolfgang Baltus,the senior project manager with the National Innovation Agency.

Ittipol Jangchud, a lecturer at the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology’s Lat Krabang Faculty of Science, said true bioplastics degrade without leaving residual fragments.
Oxo-biodegradable plastics, however, are still conventional petroleum-based plastic with a small quantity of additives that initiate degradation.
“Therefore, oxos are not biodegradable as they are fragmented or disintegrated into smaller pieces by sunlight, oxygen or microbes. Although they are eventually degradable, the process is very slow, taking two to five years compared with bioplastics taking six months,” said Mr Ittipol.

Dr Baltus said that it was easy in Thailand to find oxos plastics described as true bioplastics, which in his view is incorrect. “You can find the oxos plastics described as biodegradable in major supermarkets and shopping malls such as Siam Paragon and Villa Market,” he said. “There is still some confusion in the market from both sides, but under current conditions we should avoid the use [of the term] because we are not sure whether it is biodegradable or not.” The issue is important for plastic bag producers as other bioplastics are twice as expensive as oxo-biodegradable ones.
“We need commitment from the Thai Bioplastics Industry Association (TBIA). It is very important that the TBIA in Thailand make a clear statement regarding its position on a definition of oxo-biodegradable plastic,” said Dr Baltus.

Somsak Borrisuttanakul, the president of the TBIA, said the association did not support oxos. “We support bioplastics that are compostable, in that they should turn into fertiliser within 180 days.Other countries are starting to oppose oxos because they have a negative effect on the recycling system,” said Mr Somsak.
But most department stores in Thailand use oxos because they are cheap,while some manufacturers do not completely understand the term, he said.

TBIA honorary president Phietoon Trivijitkasem said the TBIA’s standpoint is solely to promote compostable bioplastics, which have worldwide standard certification, whereas oxos have been widely criticised in Thailand.
“Oxo-biodegradable is very unsafe for open waste dumps or the unsealed landfill systems that are commonly used in Thailand,” he said.

So, what can an eco-minded person like you do?

Simple:

1. Bring your own shopping bags to cut down usage of plastic bags.
2. Buy compostable trash bags instead of biodegradable bags because compostable bags are truly compostable.

In other words, you can’t just throw a biodegradable trash bag on your compost pile and think it will decompose. It can’t; the temperature won’t get hot enough. But compostable trash bags will turn into compost over time. As to why that’s important, it comes down to the knowing the benefits of composting.

One of those benefits is compost’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas. That’s right: Compost can actually help soil absorb carbon. An article on the natural-health-focused website, Mercola.com, referenced the Marin Carbon Project as an example of how composting breathes life into the environment.

Think about that. That’s a heck of a lot better than throwing your food scraps in a biodegradable bag, only to later learn that they’re boosting methane gas emissions.

In Thailand, we generate 520 million plastic bags garbage a day and 10 millions come from convenience store. That’s about 6 times of world’s perimeter. And when it comes to plastic bags, less than five and forty percent gets recycled and managed properly.

The only solution. Make the change NOW. Every single person makes an impact to the environment.

Credits: Certain part of the article on oxo-biodegrable is extracted from the article ‘“Oxo” bags trouble bioplastics industry’ of Bangkok Post written by NANCHANOK WONGSAMUTH.

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