MAGNESIUM - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Abdel-halim J. The effect of preoperative single shot dose of epidural magnesium sulphate or dexamethesone as adjuvants to local anesthesia. Ain Shams Journal of Anesthesiology ;4:83-91.

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Abraham, A. S., Rosenmann, D., Kramer, M., Balkin, J., Zion, M. M., Farbstien, H., and Eylath, U. Magnesium in the prevention of lethal arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Arch.Intern.Med ;147(4):753-755. View abstract.

Abreu-Gonzalez J, Rodríguez-Díaz CY. Magnesium and bronchodilator effect of beta-adrenergic. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ;165:A185.

Adeeb N, Ho CM. Comparing magnesium sulphate versus diazepam in the management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. ;38

Aggarwal, P., Sharad, S., Handa, R., Dwiwedi, S. N., and Irshad, M. Comparison of nebulised magnesium sulphate and salbutamol combined with salbutamol alone in the treatment of acute bronchial asthma: a randomised study. Emerg.Med.J ;23(5):358-362. View abstract.

Ahlborg, B., Ekelund, L. G., and Nilsson, C. G. Effect of potassium-magnesium-aspartate on the capacity for prolonged exercise in man. Acta Physiol Scand. ;74(1):238-245. View abstract.

Akhtar, M. I., Ullah, H., and Hamid, M. Magnesium, a drug of diverse use. J Pak.Med Assoc ;61(12):-. View abstract.

Albrecht, E., Kirkham, K. R., Liu, S. S., and Brull, R. The analgesic efficacy and safety of neuraxial magnesium sulphate: a quantitative review. Anaesthesia ;68(2):190-202. View abstract.

Alexander, J. M., McIntire, D. D., Leveno, K. J., and Cunningham, F. G. Selective magnesium sulfate prophylaxis for the prevention of eclampsia in women with gestational hypertension. Obstet.Gynecol. ;108(4):826-832. View abstract.

Alghamdi, A. A., Al Radi, O. O., and Latter, D. A. Intravenous magnesium for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg. ;20(3):293-299. View abstract.

Ali G, Kamal M Khan AN. Comparison of the efficacy of magnesium sulphate and diazepam in the control of tetanus spasm. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute ;25:106-110.

Alraek, T., Lee, M. S., Choi, T. Y., Cao, H., and Liu, J. Complementary and alternative medicine for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. BMC.Complement Altern Med ;11:87. View abstract.

Alter, H. J., Koepsell, T. D., and Hilty, W. M. Intravenous magnesium as an adjuvant in acute bronchospasm: a meta-analysis. Ann.Emerg.Med ;36(3):191-197. View abstract.

Apan, A., Buyukkocak, U., Ozcan, S., Sari, E., and Basar, H. Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. ;21(10):766-769. View abstract.

Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Vogt, T. M., Cutler, J. A., Windhauser, M. M., Lin, P. H., and Karanja, N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N.Engl.J Med 4-17-;336(16):-. View abstract.

Appleton, M. P., Kuehl, T. J., Raebel, M. A., Adams, H. R., Knight, A. B., and Gold, W. R. Magnesium sulfate versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;165(4 Pt 1):907-913. View abstract.

Arango, M. F. and Bainbridge, D. Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(4):CD. View abstract.

Arango, M. F. and Mejia-Mantilla, J. H. Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(4):CD. View abstract.

Arcioni, R., Palmisani, S., Tigano, S., Santorsola, C., Sauli, V., Romano, S., Mercieri, M., Masciangelo, R., De Blasi, R. A., and Pinto, G. Combined intrathecal and epidural magnesium sulfate supplementation of spinal anesthesia to reduce post-operative analgesic requirements: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;51(4):482-489. View abstract.

Arikan G, Panzitt T Gaucer F Boritsch J Trojovski A Haeusler MCH. Oral magnesium supplementation and the prevention of preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol ;76(45)

Arsenault, K. A., Yusuf, A. M., Crystal, E., Healey, J. S., Morillo, C. A., Nair, G. M., and Whitlock, R. P. Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;1:CD. View abstract.

Ashtekar CS, Powell C Hood K Doull I. Magnesium nebuliser trial (magnet): a randomised double-blind placebo controlled pilot study in severe acute asthma. Archives of Disease in Childhood ;93:A100-A106.

Atkinson, M. W., Guinn, D., Owen, J., and Hauth, J. C. Does magnesium sulfate affect the length of labor induction in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension? Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;173(4):-. View abstract.

Aydin, H., Deyneli, O., Yavuz, D., Gozu, H., Mutlu, N., Kaygusuz, I., and Akalin, S. Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Biol.Trace Elem.Res ;133(2):136-143. View abstract.

Azria, E., Tsatsaris, V., Goffinet, F., Kayem, G., Mignon, A., and Cabrol, D. [Magnesium sulfate in obstetrics: current data]. J Gynecol.Obstet.Biol.Reprod.(Paris) ;33(6 Pt 1):510-517. View abstract.

Bain, E., Middleton, P., and Crowther, C. A. Different magnesium sulphate regimens for neuroprotection of the fetus for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;2:CD. View abstract.

Bakhsh, M., Abbas, S., Hussain, R. M., Ali, Khan S., and Naqvi, S. M. Role of magnesium in preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Ayub.Med Coll Abbottabad. ;21(2):27-29. View abstract.

Ballard, B., Torres, L. M., and Romani, A. Effect of thyroid hormone on Mg(2+) homeostasis and extrusion in cardiac cells. Mol.Cell Biochem ;318(1-2):117-127. View abstract.

Beall, M. H., Edgar, B. W., Paul, R. H., and Smith-Wallace, T. A comparison of ritodrine, terbutaline, and magnesium sulfate for the suppression of preterm labor. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 12-15-;153(8):854-859. View abstract.

Begum, M. R., Begum, A., and Quadir, E. Loading dose versus standard regime of magnesium sulfate in the management of eclampsia: a randomized trial. J.Obstet.Gynaecol.Res. ;28(3):154-159. View abstract.

Begum, R., Begum, A., Bullough, C. H., and Johanson, R. B. Reducing maternal mortality from eclampsia, using magnesium sulphate. Eur J Obstet.Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. ;92(2):223-224. View abstract.

Behmanesh, S., Tossios, P., Homedan, H., Hekmat, K., Hellmich, M., Muller-Ehmsen, J., Schwinger, R. H., and Mehlhorn, U. Effect of prophylactic bisoprolol plus magnesium on the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery: results of a randomized controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin ;22(8):-. View abstract.

Belfort M, Anthony J Saade G and the Nimodipine Study Group. Interim report of the nimodipine versus magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in severe preeclampsia study: An international, randomized, controlled trial [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol ;178:S7.

Belfort, M. A., Saade, G. R., Yared, M., Grunewald, C., Herd, J. A., Varner, M. A., and Nisell, H. Change in estimated cerebral perfusion pressure after treatment with nimodipine or magnesium sulfate in patients with preeclampsia. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;181(2):402-407. View abstract.

Benevolenskaia, L. I., Toroptsova, N. V., Nikitinskaia, O. A., Sharapova, E. P., Korotkova, T. A., Rozhinskaia, L. I., Marova, E. I., Dzeranova, L. K., Molitvoslovova, N. N., Men'shikova, L. V., Grudinina, O. V., Lesniak, O. M., Evstigneeva, L. P., Smetnik, V. P., Shestakova, I. G., and Kuznetsov, S. I. [Vitrum osteomag in prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: results of the comparative open multicenter trial]. Ter.Arkh. ;76(11):88-93. View abstract.

Benhaj, Amor M., Barakette, M., Dhahri, S., Ouezini, R., Lamine, K., Jebali, A., and Ferjani, M. [Effect of intra and postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion on postoperative pain]. Tunis Med ;86(6):550-555. View abstract.

Bernstein, W. K., Khastgir, T., Khastgir, A., Hernandez, E., Miller, J., Schonfeld, S. A., Nissim, J. E., and Chernow, B. Lack of effectiveness of magnesium in chronic stable asthma. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in normal subjects and in patients with chronic stable asthma. Arch.Intern.Med 2-13-;155(3):271-276. View abstract.

Bert, A. A., Reinert, S. E., and Singh, A. K. A beta-blocker, not magnesium, is effective prophylaxis for atrial tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. ;15(2):204-209. View abstract.

Bessmertny, O., DiGregorio, R. V., Cohen, H., Becker, E., Looney, D., Golden, J., Kohl, L., and Johnson, T. A randomized clinical trial of nebulized magnesium sulfate in addition to albuterol in the treatment of acute mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations in adults. Ann.Emerg.Med. ;39(6):585-591. View abstract.

Bhalla, A. K., Dhall, G. I., and Dhall, K. A safer and more effective treatment regimen for eclampsia. Aust.N.Z.J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;34(2):144-148. View abstract.

Bhatia, A., Kashyap, L., Pawar, D. K., and Trikha, A. Effect of intraoperative magnesium infusion on perioperative analgesia in open cholecystectomy. J Clin Anesth. ;16(4):262-265. View abstract.

Bhudia, S. K., Cosgrove, D. M., Naugle, R. I., Rajeswaran, J., Lam, B. K., Walton, E., Petrich, J., Palumbo, R. C., Gillinov, A. M., Apperson-Hansen, C., and Blackstone, E. H. Magnesium as a neuroprotectant in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. ;131(4):853-861. View abstract.

Bijani K, Moghadamnia A. A Islami Khalili E. Intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjunct in the treatment of severe asthmatic patients nonresponding to conventional therapy. The Internet Journal of Asthma, Allergy andImmunology ;2(1)

Bilaceroglu S, Akpinar M Tiras A. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in acute asthma. Annual Thoracic Society 97th International Conference San Francisco, May 18-23 ;

Bilir, A., Gulec, S., Erkan, A., and Ozcelik, A. Epidural magnesium reduces postoperative analgesic requirement. Br J Anaesth. ;98(4):519-523. View abstract.

Blitz, M., Blitz, S., Beasely, R., Diner, B. M., Hughes, R., Knopp, J. A., and Rowe, B. H. Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(2):CD. View abstract.

Blitz, M., Blitz, S., Beasely, R., Diner, B. M., Hughes, R., Knopp, J. A., and Rowe, B. H. Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(3):CD. View abstract.

Blitz, M., Blitz, S., Beasely, R., Diner, B. M., Hughes, R., Knopp, J. A., and Rowe, B. H. Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(4):CD. View abstract.

Bloch, H., Silverman, R., Mancherje, N., Grant, S., Jagminas, L., and Scharf, S. M. Intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunct in the treatment of acute asthma. Chest ;107(6):-. View abstract.

Bonny, O., Rubin, A., Huang, C. L., Frawley, W. H., Pak, C. Y., and Moe, O. W. Mechanism of urinary calcium regulation by urinary magnesium and pH. J Am.Soc.Nephrol. ;19(8):-. View abstract.

Boonyavorakul, C., Thakkinstian, A., and Charoenpan, P. Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute severe asthma. Respirology. ;5(3):221-225. View abstract.

Borna, S. and Saeidi, F. M. Celecoxib versus magnesium sulfate to arrest preterm labor: randomized trial. J Obstet Gynaecol.Res ;33(5):631-634. View abstract.

Borrello G, Mastroroberto P Curcio F Chello M Zofrea S MazzaML. The effect of magnesium oxide on mild essential hypertension and quality of life. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. ;57(10):767-774.

Brilla LR, Gunter KB. Effect of magnesium supplementation on exercise time to exhaustion. Med Exerc Nutr Health ;4:230-233.

Brilla, L. R. and Haley, T. F. Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans. J Am Coll Nutr ;11(3):326-329. View abstract.

Burgess, D. C., Kilborn, M. J., and Keech, A. C. Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J ;27(23):-. View abstract.

Burgess, E., Lewanczuk, R., Bolli, P., Chockalingam, A., Cutler, H., Taylor, G., and Hamet, P. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension. 6. Recommendations on potassium, magnesium and calcium. Canadian Hypertension Society, Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control at Health Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CMAJ. 5-4-;160(9 Suppl):S35-S45. View abstract.

Buvanendran, A., McCarthy, R. J., Kroin, J. S., Leong, W., Perry, P., and Tuman, K. J. Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth.Analg. ;95(3):661-6, table. View abstract.

Cagli, K., Ozeke, O., Ergun, K., Budak, B., Demirtas, E., Birincioglu, C. L., and Pac, M. Effect of low-dose amiodarone and magnesium combination on atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. J Card Surg ;21(5):458-464. View abstract.

Cairns, C. B. and Kraft, M. Magnesium attenuates the neutrophil respiratory burst in adult asthmatic patients. Acad.Emerg.Med ;3(12):-. View abstract.

Candy, B., Jones, L., Goodman, M. L., Drake, R., and Tookman, A. Laxatives or methylnaltrexone for the management of constipation in palliative care patients. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Cannata F. Cannata F, personal communication. ;

Cappuccio, F. P., Markandu, N. D., Beynon, G. W., Shore, A. C., Sampson, B., and MacGregor, G. A. Lack of effect of oral magnesium on high blood pressure: a double blind study. Br.Med J (Clin.Res.Ed) 7-27-;291():235-238. View abstract.

Carroll, D., Ring, C., Suter, M., and Willemsen, G. The effects of an oral multivitamin combination with calcium, magnesium, and zinc on psychological well-being in healthy young male volunteers: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) ;150(2):220-225. View abstract.

Caspi, J., Rudis, E., Bar, I., Safadi, T., and Saute, M. Effects of magnesium on myocardial function after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann.Thorac.Surg. ;59(4):942-947. View abstract.

Casthely, P. A., Yoganathan, T., Komer, C., and Kelly, M. Magnesium and arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. ;8(2):188-191. View abstract.

Ceremuzynski, L., Jurgiel, R., Kulakowski, P., and Gebalska, J. Threatening arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction are prevented by intravenous magnesium sulfate. Am.Heart J. ;118(6):-. View abstract.

Chau, A. C., Gabert, H. A., and Miller, J. M., Jr. A prospective comparison of terbutaline and magnesium for tocolysis. Obstet.Gynecol. ;80(5):847-851. View abstract.

Chen, F. P., Chang, S. D., and Chu, K. K. Expectant management in severe preeclampsia: does magnesium sulfate prevent the development of eclampsia? Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. ;74(3):181-185. View abstract.

Cheuk, D KChau T CLee S L. A meta-analysis on intravenous magnesium sulphate for treating acute asthma (Structured abstract). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects.The Cochrane Library. ;(4)

Cheuk, D. K., Chau, T. C., and Lee, S. L. A meta-analysis on intravenous magnesium sulphate for treating acute asthma. Arch.Dis.Child ;90(1):74-77. View abstract.

Chia, R. Y., Hughes, R. S., and Morgan, M. K. Magnesium: a useful adjunct in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci. ;9(3):279-281. View abstract.

Chien, P. F., Khan, K. S., and Arnott, N. Magnesium sulphate in the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: an overview of the evidence from randomised trials. Br.J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;103(11):-. View abstract.

Chissell, S., Botha, J. H., Moodley, J., and McFadyen, L. Intravenous and intramuscular magnesium sulphate regimens in severe pre-eclampsia. S Afr.Med.J ;84(9):607-610. View abstract.

Chouinard, G., Beauclair, L., Geiser, R., and Etienne, P. A pilot study of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride (Magnesiocard) as a mood stabilizer for rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder patients. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry ;14(2):171-180. View abstract.

Chugh, S. N., Jaggal, K. L., Sharma, A., Arora, B., and Malhotra, K. C. Magnesium levels in acute cardiotoxicity due to aluminium phosphide poisoning. Indian J Med Res ;94:437-439. View abstract.

Chugh, S. N., Kamar, P., Sharma, A., Chugh, K., Mittal, A., and Arora, B. Magnesium status and parenteral magnesium sulphate therapy in acute aluminum phosphide intoxication. Magnes.Res ;7(3-4):289-294. View abstract.

Chugh, S. N., Kolley, T., Kakkar, R., Chugh, K., and Sharma, A. A critical evaluation of anti-peroxidant effect of intravenous magnesium in acute aluminium phosphide poisoning. Magnes.Res ;10(3):225-230. View abstract.

Ciarallo, L., Sauer, A. H., and Shannon, M. W. Intravenous magnesium therapy for moderate to severe pediatric asthma: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr. ;129(6):809-814. View abstract.

Cizmeci, P. and Ozkose, Z. Magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to total intravenous anesthesia in septorhinoplasty: a randomized controlled study. Aesthetic Plast.Surg ;31(2):167-173. View abstract.

Coetzee, E. J., Dommisse, J., and Anthony, J. A randomised controlled trial of intravenous magnesium sulphate versus placebo in the management of women with severe pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;105(3):300-303. View abstract.

Colquhoun, I. W., Berg, G. A., el Fiky, M., Hurle, A., Fell, G. S., and Wheatley, D. J. Arrhythmia prophylaxis after coronary artery surgery. A randomised controlled trial of intravenous magnesium chloride. Eur.J.Cardiothorac.Surg. ;7(10):520-523. View abstract.

Conde-Agudelo, A. and Romero, R. Antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy in preterm infants less than 34 weeks' gestation: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am.J Obstet.Gynecol. ;200(6):595-609. View abstract.

Conde-Agudelo, A., Romero, R., and Kusanovic, J. P. Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. ;204(2):134-20. View abstract.

Conlin, A. E. and Parnes, L. S. Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: II. A Meta-analysis. Arch.Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. ;133(6):582-586. View abstract.

Cook, R. C., Humphries, K. H., Gin, K., Janusz, M. T., Slavik, R. S., Bernstein, V., Tholin, M., and Lee, M. K. Prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulphate in addition to oral {beta}-blockade does not prevent atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery or valvular heart surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation 9-15-;120(11 Suppl):S163-S169. View abstract.

Cook, R. C., Yamashita, M. H., Kearns, M., Ramanathan, K., Gin, K., and Humphries, K. H. Prophylactic magnesium does not prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac.Surg ;95(2):533-541. View abstract.

Costantine, M. M. and Weiner, S. J. Effects of antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and mortality in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Obstet.Gynecol. ;114(2 Pt 1):354-364. View abstract.

Cotton, D. B., Strassner, H. T., Hill, L. M., Schifrin, B. S., and Paul, R. H. Comparison of magnesium sulfate, terbutaline and a placebo for inhibition of preterm labor. A randomized study. J.Reprod.Med. ;29(2):92-97. View abstract.

Cox, S. M., Sherman, M. L., and Leveno, K. J. Randomized investigation of magnesium sulfate for prevention of preterm birth. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;163(3):767-772. View abstract.

Crowther CA and Moore V. Magnesium maintenance therapy for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ;(1)

Crowther, C. A. and Moore, V. Magnesium for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(2):CD. View abstract.

Crowther, C. Magnesium sulphate versus diazepam in the management of eclampsia: a randomized controlled trial. Br.J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;97(2):110-117. View abstract.

Dabbagh, A., Elyasi, H., Razavi, S. S., Fathi, M., and Rajaei, S. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for post-operative pain in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;53(8):-. View abstract.

Dadhich P, Tailor M Gupta ML Gupta R. Magnesium sulphate nebulisation in acute severe asthma [Abstract]. Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology ;19(117)

Dagdelen, S., Toraman, F., Karabulut, H., and Alhan, C. The value of P dispersion on predicting atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of magnesium on P dispersion. Ann.Noninvasive.Electrocardiol. ;7(3):211-218. View abstract.

Dagdelen, S., Yuce, M., Toraman, F., Karabulut, H., and Alhan, C. The value of P dispersion on predicting atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery; effect of magnesium on P dispersion. Card Electrophysiol.Rev. ;7(2):162-164. View abstract.

Dahlman, T., Sjoberg, H. E., and Bucht, E. Calcium homeostasis in normal pregnancy and puerperium. A longitudinal study. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. ;73(5):393-398. View abstract.

Darmstadt, G. L., Yakoob, M. Y., Haws, R. A., Menezes, E. V., Soomro, T., and Bhutta, Z. A. Reducing stillbirths: interventions during labour. BMC.Pregnancy Childbirth. ;9 Suppl 1:S6. View abstract.

Davi, G., Santilli, F., and Patrono, C. Nutraceuticals in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc.Ther ;28(4):216-226. View abstract.

Dayioglu, H., Baykara, Z. N., Salbes, A., Solak, M., and Toker, K. Effects of adding magnesium to bupivacaine and fentanyl for spinal anesthesia in knee arthroscopy. J Anesth. ;23(1):19-25. View abstract.

De Oliveira, G. S. J., Knautz, J. S., Sherwani, S., and McCarthy, R. J. Systemic magnesium to reduce postoperative arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. ;26(4):643-650. View abstract.

Dennehy, C. and Tsourounis, C. A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women. Maturitas ;66(4):370-380. View abstract.

Dennis, A. T. Management of pre-eclampsia: issues for anaesthetists. Anaesthesia ;67(9):-. View abstract.

Devane, D. Magnesium sulphate for the prevention of eclampsia. Pract.Midwife. ;14(4):35-36. View abstract.

Devi, P. R., Kumar, L., Singhi, S. C., Prasad, R., and Singh, M. Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute severe asthma not responding to conventional therapy. Indian Pediatr. ;34(5):389-397. View abstract.

Dodd, J. M., Crowther, C. A., and Middleton, P. Oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;12:CD. View abstract.

Dodd, J. M., Crowther, C. A., Dare, M. R., and Middleton, P. Oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Dommisse, J. Phenytoin and magnesium sulfate in eclampsia. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. ;163(3):-. View abstract.

Dommisse, J. Phenytoin sodium and magnesium sulphate in the management of eclampsia. Br.J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;97(2):104-109. View abstract.

Dong, J. Y., Xun, P., He, K., and Qin, L. Q. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care ;34(9):-. View abstract.

Dorhout Mees, S. M., Rinkel, G. J., Feigin, V. L., Algra, A., van den Bergh, W. M., Vermeulen, M., and van Gijn, J. Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(3):CD. View abstract.

Douglas, K. A. and Redman, C. W. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom. BMJ 11-26-;309():-. View abstract.

Doyle LW, Crowther CA Middleton P Marret S Rouse D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;

Doyle, L. W. Antenatal magnesium sulfate and neuroprotection. Curr Opin Pediatr ;24(2):154-159. View abstract.

Doyle, L. W., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., and Marret, S. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(3):CD. View abstract.

Doyle, L. W., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., Marret, S., and Rouse, D. Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Doyle, L., Flynn, A., and Cashman, K. The effect of magnesium supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism or blood pressure in healthy young adult females. Eur J Clin Nutr ;53(4):255-261. View abstract.

Dragani L, Giamberardino MA Vecchiet L. Effects of magnesium administration on muscle damage from physical exercise. Magnesium and Physical Activity. ;253-260.

Drobina BJ, Kostic MA Roos JA. Nebulized magnesium has no benefit in the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med ;13(26)

Dror, A. and Henriksen, E. Accidental epidural magnesium sulfate injection. Anesth.Analg. ;66(10):-. View abstract.

Duley L and Gulmezoglu AM. Magnesium sulphate versus lytic cocktail for eclampsia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ;(3)

Duley, L. and Gulmezoglu, A. M. Magnesium sulphate versus lytic cocktail for eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Duley, L. and Henderson-Smart, D. Magnesium sulphate versus diazepam for eclampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev ;(4):CD. View abstract.

Duley, L. and Henderson-Smart, D. Magnesium sulphate versus phenytoin for eclampsia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(4):CD. View abstract.

Duley, L. and Mahomed, K. Magnesium sulphate in eclampsia. Lancet 4-4-;351():-. View abstract.

Duley, L., Gulmezoglu, A. M., and Chou, D. Magnesium sulphate versus lytic cocktail for eclampsia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(9):CD. View abstract.

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Grycova, L., Sklenovsky, P., Lansky, Z., Janovska, M., Otyepka, M., Amler, E., Teisinger, J., and Kubala, M. ATP and magnesium drive conformational changes of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase cytoplasmic headpiece. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2-20-; View abstract.

Gu, W. J., Wu, Z. J., Wang, P. F., Aung, L. H., and Yin, R. X. Intravenous magnesium prevents atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis of 7 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials. Trials ;13:41. View abstract.

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Hughes, R., Goldkorn, A., Masoli, M., Weatherall, M., Burgess, C., and Beasley, R. Use of isotonic nebulised magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to salbutamol in treatment of severe asthma in adults: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 6-21-;361():-. View abstract.

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Huusom, L. D., Secher, N. J., Pryds, O., Whitfield, K., Gluud, C., and Brok, J. Antenatal magnesium sulphate may prevent cerebral palsy in preterm infants--but are we convinced? Evaluation of an apparently conclusive meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. BJOG. ;118(1):1-5. View abstract.

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Kao, W. H., Folsom, A. R., Nieto, F. J., Mo, J. P., Watson, R. L., and Brancati, F. L. Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch.Intern.Med 10-11-;159(18):-. View abstract.

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Loening-Baucke, V. and Pashankar, D. S. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of polyethylene glycol without electrolytes and milk of magnesia for children with constipation and fecal incontinence. Pediatrics ;118(2):528-535. View abstract.

Logan, A., Sangkachand, P., and Funk, M. Optimal management of shivering during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Nurse ;31(6):e18-e30. View abstract.

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Lovati, C., D'Amico, D., Rosa, S., Suardelli, M., Mailland, E., Bertora, P., Pomati, S., Mariani, C., and Bussone, G. Allodynia in different forms of migraine. Neurol.Sci. ;28 Suppl 2:S220-S221. View abstract.

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Ma, L., Liu, W. G., Zhang, J. M., Chen, G., Fan, J., and Sheng, H. S. Magnesium sulphate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled trials. Brain Inj. ;24(5):730-735. View abstract.

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Mahajan, P., Haritos, D., Rosenberg, N., and Thomas, R. Comparison of nebulized magnesium sulfate plus albuterol to nebulized albuterol plus saline in children with acute exacerbations of mild to moderate asthma. J.Emerg.Med. ;27(1):21-25. View abstract.

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Marques BCAA, Klein MRST, da Cunha MR, et al. Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. ;27(1):19-28. View abstract.

Marret, S., Marpeau, L., Follet-Bouhamed, C., Cambonie, G., Astruc, D., Delaporte, B., Bruel, H., Guillois, B., Pinquier, D., Zupan-Simunek, V., and Benichou, J. [Effect of magnesium sulphate on mortality and neurologic morbidity of the very-preterm newborn (of less than 33 weeks) with two-year neurological outcome: results of the prospective PREMAG trial]. Gynecol.Obstet.Fertil. ;36(3):278-288. View abstract.

Marret, S., Marpeau, L., Zupan-Simunek, V., Eurin, D., Leveque, C., Hellot, M. F., and Benichou, J. Magnesium sulphate given before very-preterm birth to protect infant brain: the randomised controlled PREMAG trial*. BJOG. ;114(3):310-318. View abstract.

Martin, R. W., Perry, K. G., Jr., Hess, L. W., Martin, J. N., Jr., and Morrison, J. C. Oral magnesium and the prevention of preterm labor in a high-risk group of patients. Am.J Obstet.Gynecol. ;166(1 Pt 1):144-147. View abstract.

Marzouk S, El-Hady NA Loofy M Darwish HM. The effect of three different doses of intrathecal MgSO4 on spinal opioid analgesia. Eg J Anaesth ; 19:405-409.

Matusiewicz SP, Cusack S Greening AP. A double blind placebo controlled parallel group study of intravenous magnesium sulphate in acute severe asthma. Eur Respir J ;7(Suppl 18):14.

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Mayo-Smith, M. F. Pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal. A meta-analysis and evidence-based practice guideline. American Society of Addiction Medicine Working Group on Pharmacological Management of Alcohol Withdrawal. JAMA 7-9-;278(2):144-151. View abstract.

McDonald, J. W., Silverstein, F. S., and Johnston, M. V. Magnesium reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated brain injury in perinatal rats. Neurosci.Lett. 2-5-;109(1-2):234-238. View abstract.

McDonald, S. D., Lutsiv, O., Dzaja, N., and Duley, L. A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes following magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in real-world use. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. ;118(2):90-96. View abstract.

McWhorter, J., Carlan, S. J., OLeary, T. D., Richichi, K., and OBrien, W. F. Rofecoxib versus magnesium sulfate to arrest preterm labor: a randomized trial. Obstet.Gynecol. ;103(5 Pt 1):923-930. View abstract.

Mehrpour, O., Jafarzadeh, M., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of aluminium phosphide poisoning. Arh.Hig.Rada Toksikol. ;63(1):61-73. View abstract.

Mentes, O., Harlak, A., Yigit, T., Balkan, A., Balkan, M., Cosar, A., Savaser, A., Kozak, O., and Tufan, T. Effect of intraoperative magnesium sulphate infusion on pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;52(10):-. View abstract.

Meral, A., Coker, M., and Tanac, R. Inhalation therapy with magnesium sulfate and salbutamol sulfate in bronchial asthma. Turk.J.Pediatr. ;38(2):169-175. View abstract.

Miller, J. M., Jr., Keane, M. W., and Horger, E. O., III. A comparison of magnesium sulfate and terbutaline for the arrest of premature labor. A preliminary report. J.Reprod.Med. ;27(6):348-351. View abstract.

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Mittendorf, R., Covert, R., Boman, J., Khoshnood, B., Lee, K. S., and Siegler, M. Is tocolytic magnesium sulphate associated with increased total paediatric mortality? Lancet 11-22-;350():-. View abstract.

Mittendorf, R., Pryde, P., Khoshnood, B., and Lee, K. S. If tocolytic magnesium sulfate is associated with excess total pediatric mortality, what is its impact? Obstet.Gynecol. ;92(2):308-311. View abstract.

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Morrison, A. P., Hunter, J. M., Halpern, S. H., and Banerjee, A. Effect of intrathecal magnesium in the presence or absence of local anaesthetic with and without lipophilic opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. ;110(5):702-712. View abstract.

Morton, B. C., Nair, R. C., Smith, F. M., McKibbon, T. G., and Poznanski, W. J. Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction--a double-blind study. Magnesium ;3(4-6):346-352. View abstract.

Muganyizi, P. S. and Shagdara, M. S. Predictors of extra care among magnesium sulphate treated eclamptic patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. BMC.Pregnancy Childbirth. ;11:41. View abstract.

Muroi, C., Terzic, A., Fortunati, M., Yonekawa, Y., and Keller, E. Magnesium sulfate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-adapted trial. Surg.Neurol. ;69(1):33-39. View abstract.

Nagar S, Jain S Kumari S Ahuja L. Reassessment of therapy of eclampsia: comparison of mortality and morbidity of mother and fetus with parenteral magnesium sulphate and lytic cocktail therapy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India ;38(3):250-255.

Nageris, B. I., Ulanovski, D., and Attias, J. Magnesium treatment for sudden hearing loss. Ann.Otol.Rhinol.Laryngol. ;113(8):672-675. View abstract.

Najafi, M., Hamidian, R., Haghighat, B., Fallah, N., Tafti, H. A., Karimi, A., and Boroumand, M. A. Magnesium infusion and postoperative atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Anaesthesiol.Taiwan. ;45(2):89-94. View abstract.

Nannini, L. J., Jr., Pendino, J. C., Corna, R. A., Mannarino, S., and Quispe, R. Magnesium sulfate as a vehicle for nebulized salbutamol in acute asthma. Am.J.Med. 2-15-;108(3):193-197. View abstract.

Natale, J. E., Joseph, J. G., Pretzlaff, R. K., Silber, T. J., and Guerguerian, A. M. Clinical trials in pediatric traumatic brain injury: unique challenges and potential responses. Dev.Neurosci. ;28(4-5):276-290. View abstract.

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Newhouse, I. J. and Finstad, E. W. The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance. Clin J Sport Med. ;10(3):195-200. View abstract.

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No author. Antenatal magnesium individual participant data international collaboration: assessing the benefits for babies using the best level of evidence (AMICABLE). Syst.Rev. ;1:21. View abstract.

No author. The Magpie Trial: a randomised trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-eclampsia. Outcome for children at 18 months. BJOG. ;114(3):289-299. View abstract.

No author. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial. Lancet 6-10-;345():-. View abstract.

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Nowson, C. A. and Morgan, T. O. Magnesium supplementation in mild hypertensive patients on a moderately low sodium diet. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol ;16(4):299-302. View abstract.

Nurozler, F., Tokgozoglu, L., Pasaoglu, I., Boke, E., Ersoy, U., and Bozer, A. Y. Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: predictors and the role of MgSO4 replacement. J Card Surg. ;11(6):421-427. View abstract.

Oguzhan, N., Gunday, I., and Turan, A. Effect of magnesium sulfate infusion on sevoflurane consumption, hemodynamics, and perioperative opioid consumption in lumbar disc surgery. J Opioid.Manag. ;4(2):105-110. View abstract.

Ola RE, Odeneye OT Abudu OO. Eclampsia: a randomized double blind trial of magnesium sulfate and diazepam in Lagos, Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ;21(2):143-147.

Onalan, O., Crystal, E., Daoulah, A., Lau, C., Crystal, A., and Lashevsky, I. Meta-analysis of magnesium therapy for the acute management of rapid atrial fibrillation. Am.J Cardiol. 6-15-;99(12):-. View abstract.

Osalusi BS, Ogun SA Ogunniyi A Kolapo KO. Comparison of the efficacy of magnessium sulphate and diazepam in the control of tetanus spasms. Scientific Research and Essays ;3:571-576.

Ouerghi, S., Fnaeich, F., Frikha, N., Mestiri, T., Merghli, A., Mebazaa, M. S., Kilani, T., and Ben Ammar, M. S. The effect of adding intrathecal magnesium sulphate to morphine-fentanyl spinal analgesia after thoracic surgery. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled research study. Ann Fr.Anesth.Reanim. ;30(1):25-30. View abstract.

Ozalevli, M., Cetin, T. O., Unlugenc, H., Guler, T., and Isik, G. The effect of adding intrathecal magnesium sulphate to bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;49(10):-. View abstract.

Ozcan, P. E., Tugrul, S., Senturk, N. M., Uludag, E., Cakar, N., Telci, L., and Esen, F. Role of magnesium sulfate in postoperative pain management for patients undergoing thoracotomy. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. ;21(6):827-831. View abstract.

Pan SF, Guo XL Wang H. Experience of ritodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of preterm labor. Prog Obstet Gynecol ;9:389.

Paolisso, G., Di Maro, G., Cozzolino, D., Salvatore, T., D'Amore, A., Lama, D., Varricchio, M., and D'Onofrio, F. Chronic magnesium administration enhances oxidative glucose metabolism in thiazide treated hypertensive patients. Am.J Hypertens. ;5(10):681-686. View abstract.

Parikka, H., Toivonen, L., Pellinen, T., Verkkala, K., Jarvinen, A., and Nieminen, M. S. The influence of intravenous magnesium sulphate on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery by-pass operation. Eur Heart J ;14(2):251-258. View abstract.

Parilla, B. V., Tamura, R. K., Cohen, L. S., and Clark, E. Lack of effect of antenatal indomethacin on fetal cerebral blood flow. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. ;176(6):-. View abstract.

Paul S, Bhattacharjee DP Ghosh S Chatterjee N. Efficacy and safety of intrathecal magnesium sulphate as an adjunct to bupivacaine for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Pharmacologyonline ;2:570-574.

Pearle, M. S., Roehrborn, C. G., and Pak, C. Y. Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Endourol. ;13(9):679-685. View abstract.

Peter, J. V., Moran, J. L., and Graham, P. L. Advances in the management of organophosphate poisoning. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. ;8(10):-. View abstract.

Peter, J. V., Moran, J. L., Pichamuthu, K., and Chacko, B. Adjuncts and alternatives to oxime therapy in organophosphate poisoning--is there evidence of benefit in human poisoning? A review. Anaesth.Intensive Care ;36(3):339-350. View abstract.

Porter, R. S., Nester, Braitman, L. E., Geary, U., and Dalsey, W. C. Intravenous magnesium is ineffective in adult asthma, a randomized trial. Eur.J Emerg.Med. ;8(1):9-15. View abstract.

Powell, C., Dwan, K., Milan, S. J., Beasley, R., Hughes, R., Knopp-Sihota, J. A., and Rowe, B. H. Inhaled magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;12:CD. View abstract.

Pryde, P. G. and Mittendorf, R. Using prophylactic, but not tocolytic, magnesium sulfate to reduce cerebral palsy related to prematurity: what dose, and what about infant mortality? J Perinat.Med ;39(4):375-378. View abstract.

Qiu XF. Ritodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of preterm labor: a study of 34 patients. Herald Med ;20:416-417.

Rani M, Sharma D Prakash A. Maternal and perinatal outcome in eclampsia: diazepam vs magnesium sulfate regimen (a prospective trial). ;

Rasmussen, H. S., McNair, P., Norregard, P., Backer, V., Lindeneg, O., and Balslev, S. Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2-1-;1():234-236. View abstract.

Ratanamongkola P, Lertmaharitb S Jongpiputvanichc S. Polyethylene glycol without electrolytes versus milk of magnesia for the treatment of functional constipation in infants and young children: A randomized controlled trial. Asian Biomedicine ;3(4):391-399.

Rath, W. and Fischer, T. The diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: new findings for antenatal and inpatient care. Dtsch.Arztebl.Int. ;106(45):733-738. View abstract.

Ricci, J. M., Hariharan, S., Helfgott, A., Reed, K., and O'Sullivan, M. J. Oral tocolysis with magnesium chloride: a randomized controlled prospective clinical trial. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;165(3):603-610. View abstract.

Ridgway, L. E., III, Muise, K., Wright, J. W., Patterson, R. M., and Newton, E. R. A prospective randomized comparison of oral terbutaline and magnesium oxide for the maintenance of tocolysis. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;163(3):879-882. View abstract.

Rinkel, G. J., Feigin, V. L., Algra, A., van den Bergh, W. M., Vermeulen, M., and van Gijn, J. Calcium antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Ripari P, Pieralisi G Giamberardino MA Resina A Vecchiet L. Effects of magnesium pidolate on some cardiorespiratory submaximal effort parameters. Magnes Res ;2:70.

Riss, P., Bartl, W., and Jelincic, D. [Clinical aspects and treatment of calf muscle cramps during pregnancy]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. ;43(5):329-331. View abstract.

Rodrigo, C., Samarakoon, L., Fernando, S. D., and Rajapakse, S. A meta-analysis of magnesium for tetanus. Anaesthesia ;67(12):-. View abstract.

Rodrigo, G., Rodrigo, C., and Burschtin, O. Efficacy of magnesium sulfate in acute adult asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am.J.Emerg.Med. ;18(2):216-221. View abstract.

Roffe, C., Sills, S., Crome, P., and Jones, P. Randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of magnesium citrate in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps. Med.Sci.Monit. ;8(5):CR326-CR330. View abstract.

Rogers, L. and Reibman, J. Pharmacologic approaches to life-threatening asthma. Ther Adv.Respir.Dis ;5(6):397-408. View abstract.

Romero-Arauz, J. F., Morales-Borrego, E., Garcia-Espinosa, M., and Peralta-Pedrero, M. L. [Clinical guideline. Preeclampsia-eclampsia]. Rev.Med Inst.Mex.Seguro.Soc ;50(5):569-579. View abstract.

Ronsmans, C. and Campbell, O. Quantifying the fall in mortality associated with interventions related to hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. BMC.Public Health ;11 Suppl 3:S8. View abstract.

Rosenbaum L. Beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation on idiopathic muscle cramps. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT. ;

Rossouw HJ, Howarth G Odendaal HJ. Ketanserin and hydralazine in hypertension in pregnancy - a randomised double-blind trial. South African Medical Journal ;85:525-528.

Rouse, D. J., Hirtz, D. G., Thom, E., Varner, M. W., Spong, C. Y., Mercer, B. M., Iams, J. D., Wapner, R. J., Sorokin, Y., Alexander, J. M., Harper, M., Thorp, J. M., Jr., Ramin, S. M., Malone, F. D., Carpenter, M., Miodovnik, M., Moawad, A., O'Sullivan, M. J., Peaceman, A. M., Hankins, G. D., Langer, O., Caritis, S. N., and Roberts, J. M. A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy. N.Engl J Med 8-28-;359(9):895-905. View abstract.

Rowe, B. H. and Camargo, C. A., Jr. The role of magnesium sulfate in the acute and chronic management of asthma. Curr.Opin.Pulm.Med ;14(1):70-76. View abstract.

Rowe, B. H., Bretzlaff, J. A., Bourdon, C., Bota, G. W., and Camargo, C. A., Jr. Intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment for acute asthma in the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature. Ann.Emerg.Med. ;36(3):181-190. View abstract.

Rowe, B. H., Sevcik, W., and Villa-Roel, C. Management of severe acute asthma in the emergency department. Curr Opin Crit Care ;17(4):335-341. View abstract.

Ruddel, H., Werner, C., and Ising, H. Impact of magnesium supplementation on performance data in young swimmers. Magnes.Res ;3(2):103-107. View abstract.

Rudnicki, M., Frolich, A., Pilsgaard, K., Nyrnberg, L., Moller, M., Sanchez, M., and Fischer-Rasmussen, W. Comparison of magnesium and methyldopa for the control of blood pressure in pregnancies complicated with hypertension. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest ;49(4):231-235. View abstract.

Rust, O. A., Bofill, J. A., Arriola, R. M., Andrew, M. E., and Morrison, J. C. The clinical efficacy of oral tocolytic therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol ;175(4 Pt 1):838-842. View abstract.

Ryu, J. H., Kang, M. H., Park, K. S., and Do, S. H. Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in gynaecology patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. ;100(3):397-403. View abstract.

Saadawy, I. M., Kaki, A. M., Abd El Latif, A. A., Abd-Elmaksoud, A. M., and Tolba, O. M. Lidocaine vs. magnesium: effect on analgesia after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;54(5):549-556. View abstract.

Sacks, F. M., Brown, L. E., Appel, L., Borhani, N. O., Evans, D., and Whelton, P. Combinations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplements in hypertension. Hypertension. ;26(6 Pt 1):950-956. View abstract.

Said-Ahmed HA, Metry A Fawzy K. Magnesium sulphate potentiates intrathecal injection of ropivacaine-sufentanil in orthopedic surgery. Acta Anaesth Italica ;59:138-151.

Salman, A. A., Ali, N. A., and Jawad, A. M. Effects of metronidazole, tinidazole, captopril and valsartan on taste and serum levels of zinc and magnesium. Saudi.Med J ;30(2):209-213. View abstract.

Sarris, J., Mischoulon, D., and Schweitzer, I. Adjunctive nutraceuticals with standard pharmacotherapies in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of clinical trials. Bipolar.Disord. ;13(5-6):454-465. View abstract.

Sawhney, H., Sawhney, I. M., Mandal, R., Subramanyam, and Vasishta, K. Efficacy of magnesium sulphate and phenytoin in the management of eclampsia. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Res ;25(5):333-338. View abstract.

Sawhney, H., Vasishta, K., and Rani, K. Comparison of lytic cocktail and magnesium sulphate regimens in eclampsia: a retrospective analysis. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Res ;24(4):261-266. View abstract.

Scardo, J. A., Hogg, B. B., and Newman, R. B. Favorable hemodynamic effects of magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;173(4):-. View abstract.

Scarfone, R. J., Loiselle, J. M., Joffe, M. D., Mull, C. C., Stiller, S., Thompson, K., and Gracely, E. J. A randomized trial of magnesium in the emergency department treatment of children with asthma. Ann.Emerg.Med. ;36(6):572-578. View abstract.

Schorr, S. J., Ascarelli, M. H., Rust, O. A., Ross, E. L., Calfee, E. L., Perry, K. G., Jr., and Morrison, J. C. A comparative study of ketorolac (Toradol) and magnesium sulfate for arrest of preterm labor. South.Med.J. ;91(11):-. View abstract.

Schreiber, J. U., Lysakowski, C., Fuchs-Buder, T., and Tramer, M. R. Prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesthesiology ;103(4):877-884. View abstract.

Schulze, M. B., Schulz, M., Heidemann, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Hoffmann, K., and Boeing, H. Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Arch.Intern.Med 5-14-;167(9):956-965. View abstract.

Schwartz, B. F., Bruce, J., Leslie, S., and Stoller, M. L. Rethinking the role of urinary magnesium in calcium urolithiasis. J Endourol. ;15(3):233-235. View abstract.

Schwieger, I. M., Kopel, M. E., and Finlayson, D. C. Magnesium and postoperative dysrhythmias in patients after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac.Anesth. ;3(5 Suppl 1):18. View abstract.

Sedrakyan, A., Treasure, T., Browne, J., Krumholz, H., Sharpin, C., and van der, Meulen J. Pharmacologic prophylaxis for postoperative atrial tachyarrhythmia in general thoracic surgery: evidence from randomized clinical trials. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. ;129(5):997-. View abstract.

Seelig, M. S. ISIS 4: clinical controversy regarding magnesium infusion, thrombolytic therapy, and acute myocardial infarction. Nutr.Rev. ;53(9):261-264. View abstract.

Seupaul, R. A., Welch, J. L., Malka, S. T., and Emmett, T. W. Pharmacologic prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness: a systematic shortcut review. Ann Emerg.Med ;59(4):307-317. View abstract.

Seyhan, T. O., Tugrul, M., Sungur, M. O., Kayacan, S., Telci, L., Pembeci, K., and Akpir, K. Effects of three different dose regimens of magnesium on propofol requirements, haemodynamic variables and postoperative pain relief in gynaecological surgery. Br J Anaesth. ;96(2):247-252. View abstract.

Shaheen, B., Hassan, L., and Obaid, M. Eclampsia, a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality: a prospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar. J Pak.Med Assoc ;53(8):346-350. View abstract.

Shakerinia, T., Ali, I. M., and Sullivan, J. A. Magnesium in cardioplegia: is it necessary? Can.J Surg ;39(5):397-400. View abstract.

Shamsuddin, L., Rouf, S., Khan, J. H., Tamanna, S., Hussain, A. Z., and Samsuddin, A. K. Magnesium sulphate versus diazepam in the management of eclampsia. Bangladesh Med Res Counc.Bull. ;24(2):43-48. View abstract.

Sharma R, Mir S Rizvi M Akthar S. Efficacy of magnesium sulphate versus phenytoin in seizure control and prophylaxis in patients of eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia. JK Science ;10(4):181-185.

Shaughnessy A. Is intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate effective in the treatment of acute asthma? Evidence-Based Practice ;3(12):2-6.

She RQ, Huang YY Wang GH Su CH. Ritodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of preterm labor: a study of 108 patients. J Guang Dong Med ;19:713-714.

Shechter, M., Hod, H., Chouraqui, P., Kaplinsky, E., and Rabinowitz, B. Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction when patients are not candidates for thrombolytic therapy. Am.J Cardiol. 2-15-;75(5):321-323. View abstract.

Shechter, M., Hod, H., Kaplinsky, E., and Rabinowitz, B. The rationale of magnesium as alternative therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction without thrombolytic therapy. Am.Heart J ;132(2 Pt 2 Su):483-486. View abstract.

Shechter, M., Kaplinsky, E., and Rabinowitz, B. The rationale of magnesium supplementation in acute myocardial infarction. A review of the literature. Arch.Intern.Med ;152(11):-. View abstract.

Shechter, M., Merz, C. N., Paul-Labrador, M., Meisel, S. R., Rude, R. K., Molloy, M. D., Dwyer, J. H., Shah, P. K., and Kaul, S. Beneficial antithrombotic effects of the association of pharmacological oral magnesium therapy with aspirin in coronary heart disease patients. Magnes.Res. ;13(4):275-284. View abstract.

Shechter, M., Paul-Labrador, M. J., Rude, R. K., and Bairey Merz, C. N. Intracellular magnesium predicts functional capacity in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiology ;90(3):168-172. View abstract.

Shepherd J, Jones J, Frampton GK, Tanajewski L, Turner D, and Price A. Intravenous magnesium sulphate and sotalol for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technology Assessment ;12(28)

Shiga, T., Wajima, Z., Inoue, T., and Ogawa, R. Magnesium prophylaxis for arrhythmias after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am.J Med 9-1-;117(5):325-333. View abstract.

Shilva, Saha, S. C., Kalra, J., and Prasad, R. Safety and efficacy of low-dose MgSO4 in the treatment of eclampsia. Int.J Gynaecol.Obstet. ;97(2):150-151. View abstract.

Shoeibi G, Sadegi M Firozian A Tabassomi F. The additional effect of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Int J Pharmacol ;3:425-427.

Shukla, D., Verma, A., Agarwal, A., Pandey, H. D., and Tyagi, C. Comparative study of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with intrathecal magnesium sulfate used as adjuvants to bupivacaine. J Anaesthesiol.Clin Pharmacol ;27(4):495-499. View abstract.

Sibai, B. M. Magnesium sulfate is the ideal anticonvulsant in preeclampsia-eclampsia. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;162(5):-. View abstract.

Sibai, B. M., Villar, M. A., and Bray, E. Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. ;161(1):115-119. View abstract.

Silverman, R. A., Osborn, H., Runge, J., Gallagher, E. J., Chiang, W., Feldman, J., Gaeta, T., Freeman, K., Levin, B., Mancherje, N., and Scharf, S. IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Chest ;122(2):489-497. View abstract.

Singh, R. B., Rastogi, S. S., and Singh, D. S. Cardiovascular manifestations of aluminium phosphide intoxication. J Assoc Physicians India ;37(9):590-592. View abstract.

Singh, R. B., Saharia, R. B., and Sharma, V. K. Can aluminium phosphide poisoning cause hypermagnesaemia? A study of 121 patients. Magnes.Trace Elem. ;9(4):212-218. View abstract.

Singh, R. B., Singh, R. G., and Singh, U. Hypermagnesemia following aluminum phosphide poisoning. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. ;29(2):82-85. View abstract.

Singh, R. B., Sircar, A. R., Rastogi, S. S., and Garg, V. Magnesium and potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction. Magnes.Trace Elem. ;9(4):198-204. View abstract.

Siwach, S. B., Singh, P., Ahlawat, S., Dua, A., and Sharma, D. Serum & tissue magnesium content in patients of aluminium phosphide poisoning and critical evaluation of high dose magnesium sulphate therapy in reducing mortality. J Assoc Physicians India ;42(2):107-110. View abstract.

Siwach, S. B., Singh, P., and Ahlawat, S. Magnesium in aluminium phosphide poisoning--where have we erred? J Assoc Physicians India ;42(3):193-194. View abstract.

Skajaa, K., Dorup, I., and Sandstrom, B. M. Magnesium intake and status and pregnancy outcome in a Danish population. Br J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;98(9):919-928. View abstract.

Skobeloff, E. M., Spivey, W. H., McNamara, R. M., and Greenspon, L. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department. JAMA 9-1-;262(9):-. View abstract.

Smith, L. F., Heagerty, A. M., Bing, R. F., and Barnett, D. B. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate after acute myocardial infarction: effects on arrhythmias and mortality. Int J Cardiol. ;12(2):175-183. View abstract.

Sohrabvand, F., Shariat, M., and Haghollahi, F. Vitamin B supplementation for leg cramps during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. ;95(1):48-49. View abstract.

Solomon, A. J., Berger, A. K., Trivedi, K. K., Hannan, R. L., and Katz, N. M. The combination of propranolol and magnesium does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac.Surg ;69(1):126-129. View abstract.

Song, Y., He, K., Levitan, E. B., Manson, J. E., and Liu, S. Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials. Diabet.Med ;23(10):-. View abstract.

Spatling, L. and Spatling, G. Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy. A double-blind study. Br J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;95(2):120-125. View abstract.

Speziale, G., Ruvolo, G., Fattouch, K., Macrina, F., Tonelli, E., Donnetti, M., and Marino, B. Arrhythmia prophylaxis after coronary artery bypass grafting: regimens of magnesium sulfate administration. Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg ;48(1):22-26. View abstract.

Spiegel, D. M. Magnesium in chronic kidney disease: unanswered questions. Blood Purif. ;31(1-3):172-176. View abstract.

Spital, A. and Greenwell, R. Severe hyperkalemia during magnesium sulfate therapy in two pregnant drug abusers. South.Med.J. ;84(7):919-921. View abstract.

Steer, C. M. and Petrie, R. H. A comparison of magnesium sulfate and alcohol for the prevention of premature labor. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 9-1-;129(1):1-4. View abstract.

Stippler, M., Crago, E., Levy, E. I., Kerr, M. E., Yonas, H., Horowitz, M. B., and Kassam, A. Magnesium infusion for vasospasm prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. ;105(5):723-729. View abstract.

Sun-Edelstein, C. and Mauskop, A. Foods and supplements in the management of migraine headaches. Clin J Pain ;25(5):446-452. View abstract.

Suneja A, Sinha S Vaid N Ahuja S. A prospective randomized controlled trial to individualize the duration of post partum magnesium sulfate therapy. Hypertension in Pregnancy ;27(4):504.

Surichamorn, P. The efficacy of terbutaline and magnesium sulfate in the management of preterm labor. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. ;84(1):98-104. View abstract.

Svagzdiene, M., Sirvinskas, E., Benetis, R., Raliene, L., and Simatoniene, V. Atrial fibrillation and changes in serum and urinary electrolyte levels after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Medicina (Kaunas.) ;45(12):960-970. View abstract.

Sykes N. A clinical comparison of lactulose and senna with magnesium hydroxide and liquid paraffin emulsion in a palliative care population. ;

Sylvia, L. G., Peters, A. T., Deckersbach, T., and Nierenberg, A. A. Nutrient-based therapies for bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Psychother.Psychosom. ;82(1):10-19. View abstract.

Taherian AA, Dehdar P. Comparison of efficacy and safety of nifedipine versus magnesium sulfate in treatment of preterm labor. J Res Med Sci. ;12:136-142.

Tanabe, K., Yamamoto, A., Suzuki, N., Osada, N., Yokoyama, Y., Samejima, H., Seki, A., Oya, M., Murabayashi, T., Nakayama, M., Yamamoto, M., Omiya, K., Itoh, H., and Murayama, M. Efficacy of oral magnesium administration on decreased exercise tolerance in a state of chronic sleep deprivation. Jpn.Circ.J ;62(5):341-346. View abstract.

Tauzin-Fin, P., Sesay, M., Delort-Laval, S., Krol-Houdek, M. C., and Maurette, P. Intravenous magnesium sulphate decreases postoperative tramadol requirement after radical prostatectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol. ;23(12):-. View abstract.

Tchilinguirian, N. G., Najem, R., Sullivan, G. B., and Craparo, F. J. The use of ritodrine and magnesium sulfate in the arrest of premature labor. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. ;22(2):117-123. View abstract.

Temkin, N. R., Anderson, G. D., Winn, H. R., Ellenbogen, R. G., Britz, G. W., Schuster, J., Lucas, T., Newell, D. W., Mansfield, P. N., Machamer, J. E., Barber, J., and Dikmen, S. S. Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. ;6(1):29-38. View abstract.

Teo, K. K., Yusuf, S., Collins, R., Held, P. H., and Peto, R. Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: overview of randomised trials. BMJ 12-14-;303():-. View abstract.

Terblanche, S., Noakes, T. D., Dennis, S. C., Marais, D., and Eckert, M. Failure of magnesium supplementation to influence marathon running performance or recovery in magnesium-replete subjects. Int J Sport Nutr ;2(2):154-164. View abstract.

Terzi, A., Furlan, G., Chiavacci, P., Dal Corso, B., Luzzani, A., and Dalla, Volta S. Prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmias after non-cardiac thoracic surgery by infusion of magnesium sulfate. Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. ;44(6):300-303. View abstract.

The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels. Results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase I. JAMA 3-4-;267(9):-. View abstract.

Thogersen, A. M., Johnson, O., and Wester, P. O. Effects of intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction on acute arrhythmias and long-term outcome. Int J Cardiol. ;49(2):143-151. View abstract.

Thornton, J. G. Maintenance tocolysis. BJOG. ;112 Suppl 1:118-121. View abstract.

Thorp, J. M., Jr., Katz, V. L., Campbell, D., and Cefalo, R. C. Hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;161(4):889-890. View abstract.

Thwaites, C. L., Yen, L. M., Loan, H. T., Thuy, T. T., Thwaites, G. E., Stepniewska, K., Soni, N., White, N. J., and Farrar, J. J. Magnesium sulphate for treatment of severe tetanus: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 10-21-;368():-. View abstract.

Tiffany, B. R., Berk, W. A., Todd, I. K., and White, S. R. Magnesium bolus or infusion fails to improve expiratory flow in acute asthma exacerbations. Chest ;104(3):831-834. View abstract.

Toraman, F., Karabulut, E. H., Alhan, H. C., Dagdelen, S., and Tarcan, S. Magnesium infusion dramatically decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann.Thorac.Surg. ;72(4):-. View abstract.

Tramer, M. R. and Glynn, C. J. An evaluation of a single dose of magnesium to supplement analgesia after ambulatory surgery: randomized controlled trial. Anesth.Analg. ;104(6):-9, table. View abstract.

Treggiari-Venzi, M. M., Waeber, J. L., Perneger, T. V., Suter, P. M., Adamec, R., and Romand, J. A. Intravenous amiodarone or magnesium sulphate is not cost-beneficial prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Br.J Anaesth. ;85(5):690-695. View abstract.

Tukur, J. and Muhammad, Z. Management of eclampsia at AKTH: before and after magnesium sulphate. Niger.J Med ;19(1):104-107. View abstract.

Unlugenc, H., Gunduz, M., Ozalevli, M., and Akman, H. A comparative study on the analgesic effect of tramadol, tramadol plus magnesium, and tramadol plus ketamine for postoperative pain management after major abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;46(8):-. View abstract.

Unlugenc, H., Ozalevli, M., Guler, T., and Isik, G. Postoperative pain management with intravenous patient-controlled morphine: comparison of the effect of adding magnesium or ketamine. Eur J Anaesthesiol. ;20(5):416-421. View abstract.

Unlugenc, H., Ozalevli, M., Gunduz, M., Gunasti, S., Urunsak, I. F., Guler, T., and Isik, G. Comparison of intrathecal magnesium, fentanyl, or placebo combined with bupivacaine 0.5% for parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. ;53(3):346-353. View abstract.

Valadares Neto J, Bertini A Taborda W Parente J. Treatment of eclampsia: comparative study on the use of magnesium sulfate and phenytoin [Tratamento da eclampsia:estudio comparativo entre sulfato de magnesio e a fenitoina]. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia ;22(9):543-549.

Van Dam, R. M., Hu, F. B., Rosenberg, L., Krishnan, S., and Palmer, J. R. Dietary calcium and magnesium, major food sources, and risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. black women. Diabetes Care ;29(10):-. View abstract.

van den Bergh, W. M., Algra, A., van Kooten, F., Dirven, C. M., van Gijn, J., Vermeulen, M., and Rinkel, G. J. Magnesium sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke ;36(5):-. View abstract.

Vargas, Ayala G., Salmeron, Perez, I, Sanchez Garcia, A. R., Jimenez Acevedo, A. L., and Rubio Guerra, A. F. [Efficacy of isosorbide in aerosol form in the management of hypertensive crisis in severe preeclampsia]. Ginecol.Obstet.Mex. ;66:316-319. View abstract.

Vecchiet L, Pieralisi G D'Ovidio M Dragani L Felzani G Mincarini A Giamberardino MA Borella P Bargellini A Piovanelli P. Effects of magnesium supplementation on maximal and submaximal effort. In: Magnesium and Physical Activity. Vecchiet L, Ed.New York: Parthenon Publishing Group ;227-237.

Velat, G. J., Kimball, M. M., Mocco, J. D., and Hoh, B. L. Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the literature. World Neurosurg. ;76(5):446-454. View abstract.

Veyna, R. S., Seyfried, D., Burke, D. G., Zimmerman, C., Mlynarek, M., Nichols, V., Marrocco, A., Thomas, A. J., Mitsias, P. D., and Malik, G. M. Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J.Neurosurg. ;96(3):510-514. View abstract.

Villar, J., Gulmezoglu, A. M., and de, Onis M. Nutritional and antimicrobial interventions to prevent preterm birth: an overview of randomized controlled trials. Obstet.Gynecol.Surv. ;53(9):575-585. View abstract.

Visser, P JBredero A CHoekstra J B. Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction (Structured abstract). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects.The Cochrane Library. ;(4)

Walker, A. F., Marakis, G., Morris, A. P., and Robinson, P. A. Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother.Res. ;16(1):48-54. View abstract.

Walss Rodriguez, R. J. and Reyes, Levario A. [Anticonvulsant treatment in severe preeclampsia. Comparison between diazepam and magnesium sulfate]. Ginecol.Obstet.Mex. ;60:331-335. View abstract.

Wang HJ, Zeng WY Liu HW Ou YL. Clinical comparison of ritodrine hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate on control of preterm labor. J West Chin Uni Med Sci ;31:515-517.

Wang Y, Zhang Y Canzoneri BJ Gu Y Philibert L Lewis DF. Prostacyclin and thromboxane levels in women with severe preeclampsia undergoing magnesium sulfate therapy during antepartum and postpartum periods. Hypertension in Pregnancy ;27(1):17-27.

Weaver, K. Magnesium and migraine. Headache ;30(3):168. View abstract.

Wester, P. O. Magnesium. Am.J Clin.Nutr. ;45(5 Suppl):-. View abstract.

Westermaier, T., Stetter, C., Vince, G. H., Pham, M., Tejon, J. P., Eriskat, J., Kunze, E., Matthies, C., Ernestus, R. I., Solymosi, L., and Roosen, K. Prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulfate for treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Crit Care Med ;38(5):-. View abstract.

Whitelaw, A. and Thoresen, M. Clinical trials of treatments after perinatal asphyxia. Curr.Opin.Pediatr. ;14(6):664-668. View abstract.

Wilkes, N. J., Mallett, S. V., Peachey, T., Di, Salvo C., and Walesby, R. Correction of ionized plasma magnesium during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the risk of postoperative cardiac arrhythmia. Anesth.Analg. ;95(4):828-34, table. View abstract.

Wilkins, I. A., Lynch, L., Mehalek, K. E., Berkowitz, G. S., and Berkowitz, R. L. Efficacy and side effects of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine as tocolytic agents. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;159(3):685-689. View abstract.

Wilson DR, Strauss AL Manuel MA. Comparison of medical treatments for the prevention of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Urol Res ;12(39)

Wilson, A. and Vulcano, B. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of magnesium sulfate in the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res. ;8(6):542-545. View abstract.

Wirell, M. P., Wester, P. O., and Stegmayr, B. G. Nutritional dose of magnesium in hypertensive patients on beta blockers lowers systolic blood pressure: a double-blind, cross-over study. J Intern.Med ;236(2):189-195. View abstract.

Witlin, A. G., Friedman, S. A., and Sibai, B. M. The effect of magnesium sulfate therapy on the duration of labor in women with mild preeclampsia at term: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;176(3):623-627. View abstract.

Wolf, H. T., Hegaard, H. K., Greisen, G., Huusom, L., and Hedegaard, M. Treatment with magnesium sulphate in pre-term birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;32(2):135-140. View abstract.

Wolf, H. T., Hegaard, H. K., Huusom, L., Greisen, G., and Hedegaard, M. [Evidence exists for prophylactic magnesium sulphate as a neuroprotector in premature births]. Ugeskr.Laeger 3-28-;173(13):962-965. View abstract.

Wollert, H. G., Grossmann, H., and Eckel, L. Magnesium sulfate prevents atrial tachyarrhythmias after cardiac and non-cardiac surgery--what is the common mechanism? Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg ;45(4):213-214. View abstract.

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Wong, G. K., Boet, R., Poon, W. S., Chan, M. T., Gin, T., Ng, S. C., and Zee, B. C. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care ;15(1):R52. View abstract.

Wong, G. K., Chan, M. T., Boet, R., Poon, W. S., and Gin, T. Intravenous magnesium sulfate after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective randomized pilot study. J Neurosurg.Anesthesiol. ;18(2):142-148. View abstract.

Wong, G. K., Poon, W. S., Chan, M. T., Boet, R., Gin, T., Ng, S. C., and Zee, B. C. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (IMASH): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial. Stroke ;41(5):921-926. View abstract.

Woods, K. L. and Fletcher, S. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2). Lancet 4-2-;343():816-819. View abstract.

Wu, X., Wang, C., Zhu, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., and Gao, Y. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting. BMC.Cardiovasc.Disord. ;13:5. View abstract.

Yeatman, M., Caputo, M., Narayan, P., Lotto, A. A., Ascione, R., Bryan, A. J., and Angelini, G. D. Magnesium-supplemented warm blood cardioplegia in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Ann Thorac.Surg ;73(1):112-118. View abstract.

Yilmaz C, Couruh T Yildiz Y Macika H Abay G Aykac Z. The effect of magnesium sulphate on arrhythmia after coronary artery bypass surgery. Br J Anaesth ;84(1):37.

Young, G. L. and Jewell, D. Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;(1):CD. View abstract.

Yousef, A. A. and Amr, Y. M. The effect of adding magnesium sulphate to epidural bupivacaine and fentanyl in elective caesarean section using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia: a prospective double blind randomised study. Int J Obstet.Anesth. ;19(4):401-404. View abstract.

Yusuf, S., Teo, K., and Woods, K. Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. An effective, safe, simple, and inexpensive intervention. Circulation ;87(6):-. View abstract.

Zangrillo, A., Landoni, G., Sparicio, D., Pappalardo, F., Bove, T., Cerchierini, E., Sottocorna, O., Aletti, G., and Crescenzi, G. Perioperative magnesium supplementation to prevent atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery surgery: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiothorac.Vasc.Anesth. ;19(6):723-728. View abstract.

Zarauza, R., Saez-Fernandez, A. N., Iribarren, M. J., Carrascosa, F., Adame, M., Fidalgo, I., and Monedero, P. A comparative study with oral nifedipine, intravenous nimodipine, and magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia. Anesth.Analg. ;91(4):938-943. View abstract.

Zehender, M., Meinertz, T., Faber, T., Caspary, A., Jeron, A., Bremm, K., and Just, H. Antiarrhythmic effects of increasing the daily intake of magnesium and potassium in patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias. Magnesium in Cardiac Arrhythmias (MAGICA) Investigators. J Am.Coll.Cardiol. ;29(5):-. View abstract.

Zemel, P. C., Zemel, M. B., Urberg, M., Douglas, F. L., Geiser, R., and Sowers, J. R. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension. Am.J Clin.Nutr. ;51(4):665-669. View abstract.

Zhao SC, Dong J. Clinical effect of ritodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of preterm labor. Northwest Phar J ;15:170-171.

Zhao, X. D., Zhou, Y. T., Zhang, X., Zhuang, Z., and Shi, J. X. A meta analysis of treating subarachnoid hemorrhage with magnesium sulfate. J Clin Neurosci. ;16(11):-. View abstract.

Zhou GS, Ma XQ Zhou MK. Neuroprotective effect of magnesium on patients with brain traum. Zhongguo Linchuang Kangfu ;8(7):-.

Zhou GS, Zhao HY Zhu XL. Effect of large dose of magnesium sulfate on patients with brain injury. Chinese Journal of Traumatology ;17(3):161-162.

Zhu BY, Fu YL. Clinical observation of ritodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of preterm labor. Chin J Obstet Gynecol ;31:721-723.

Zhu, B. and Fu, Y. [Treatment of preterm labor with ritodrine]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke.Za Zhi. ;31(12):721-723. View abstract.

Zoerle, T., Ilodigwe, D. C., Wan, H., Lakovic, K., Sabri, M., Ai, J., and Macdonald, R. L. Pharmacologic reduction of angiographic vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cereb.Blood Flow Metab ;32(9):-. View abstract.

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