Pipe Fitting Selection Guide

Pipe Fitting Selection Guide

Pipe fittings are available in various shapes, sizes, and materials. Used to connect pipes of different lengths and sizes, these pipe fittings and flanges must make the right connections. Pipe and pipe fittings are produced from various materials to transport a wide variety of solids and fluids. Incorrect pipe fittings can lead to multiple issues like:

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• leaks
• unwanted flow restrictions
• extra cost

The proper pipe fittings and flanges let your equipment do the work you intend it to do. The various types of pipe fittings include adapters, bulkhead fittings, plugs, rigid couplings, flexible couplings, 90-degree elbows, 45-degree elbows, reducing elbows, flanges, nipples, concentric reducers, eccentric reducers, side outlet tees, standard tees, reducing tees, bullhead tees, unions, standard wyes, reducing wyes, and many more. You should select the right fitting for your application from the wide range of types and sizes offered.

Common Points to Consider

The integrity of any fitting for proper functioning depends on the following:

• Selection of correct components or fittings appropriate for the application
• Careful preparation and cleaning
• Careful installation and assembly
• Correct tightening and loading

Selecting Your Pipe Fittings

The points to consider are as follows:

• Consider the Tubing Used: For instance, barbed fittings work better in flexible tubing, while compression fittings work best with rigid tubing.
• Determine Material Compatibility: Material selection plays a vital role in the proper working of fittings. Certain fluids are not compatible with fitting materials, leading to leakage or system damage. It is essential to check the material compatibility of your fluid with any chemicals.
• Check Temperature and Pressure Conditions: Appropriate temperature and pressure ratings are necessary for proper operating conditions. It is crucial to know whether the fittings can perform at their maximum temperature and pressure ratings, as most fittings cannot handle both tasks simultaneously.

Some Popular Fitting Types

Barbed Fittings

These fittings slide into soft tubing. For low-pressure installations, tubing elasticity holds the tubing onto the fitting.

Threaded Pipe Fittings

These are the most commonly used fittings based on certain standards, such as BSP (British Standard Pipe), NPT (National Pipe Taper), and UNF (Unified Fine Thread) sizes for permanent, high-pressure pipe connections.

Cam Fittings

These fittings are quick-disconnecting fittings used with pipes and hoses. For instance, you can connect a female coupler to a male adapter and secure it by pulling down the arms. These fittings can withstand high-pressure applications.

Quick Disconnect Fittings

These fittings make and break tubing connections without separating the tubing from the fitting.

Chromatography Fittings

These fittings are designed for HPLC and other high-pressure applications, with capabilities to withstand pressures as high as 1000 psi.

Compression Fittings

These fittings have a nut that compresses rigid tubing against the fitting body and are mainly used for high-pressure applications.

Pipe Thread Sizes

This is a very important consideration for any pipe fitting. All pipes were manufactured with the specification of a standardized outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness, which implies that the nominal pipe size is approximately equal to the inside diameter (ID). Nowadays, various thread configurations are used. Below is an example of British Standard Pipe (BSP) fittings for connecting systems that use both NPT and BSP thread configurations. The table shows a comparison of these two thread styles:

Selection Criteria for Buyers

• Materials
• Pressure Ratings
• Design and operation
• Safety information
• Temperature

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Buyer's Assistance

Before purchasing pipe fittings and flanges, certain questions need to be answered for the specific pipe fitting and manufacturer. Some of these questions are as follows:

• Can it handle pressure?
• Can it handle high temperature?
• Does it have proven long-term performance?
• Are the joints or seals reliable?
• Can it be fitted properly?
• Does it have the confidence of manufacturers?
• Can it withstand outdoor storage and ultraviolet rays?
• Can it resist punctures and abrasion?
• Does it have widespread approval and acceptance from inspectors and engineers?
• Does it offer quality and value?

The more "YES" answers, the better your product.

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