What is the difference between distributed IO and remote IO?

Understanding the Difference Between Distributed IO and Remote IO

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When considering IO that is located separately from the main PLC, the choice largely depends on your specific needs. Factors such as functionality, ease of use, cost, and availability play a crucial role in this decision. Often, confusion arises from how different terminologies are defined, especially in the context of Schneider's hardware.

Clarifying Terminology: Remote IO vs Ethernet IO Drops

In Schneider's terminology, "Remote IO" is often used interchangeably with "Ethernet Remote IO (ERIO)," which refers to their time-deterministic IO system essential for mission-critical timing. The term "Ethernet IO drop" is used synonymously with ERIO, particularly within the Schneider M580 PLC family featuring x80 hardware.

Defining Distributed IO

In contrast, "distributed IO" within Schneider’s framework refers to any non-time-deterministic IO hardware separated physically from the main PLC and connected through serial or Ethernet-based networks. Typically, this includes hardware that the general industry might also term as remote IO.

How Distributed IO Works

In a distributed IO setup, a PLC sends queries to the IO system located some distance away. For instance, reading inputs, processing the data, and sending outputs occur based on the processor's schedule. This category encompasses PLCs such as the M340 and M200 series, and a variety of distributed IO systems like TM3 bus coupler, Advantys STB, Turck, Wago, and Weidmuller.

Diving Deeper into Distributed I/O Systems

Understanding the architecture and functionality of a Distributed I/O system, often termed Decentralized I/O, can offer insights into its advantages:

Key Characteristics

• Proximity to Field Devices: I/O modules are close to the field devices, which minimizes wiring runs and reduces signal loss and interference.
• Reduced Wiring Complexity: Simplified cabling due to the proximity of I/O modules to field devices, leading to lower installation and wiring costs.
• Fast Response Times: Due to minimal signal propagation delay, making them ideal for real-time control.
• Scalability: Highly scalable systems that allow easy integration of additional I/O modules.
• Local Control: Ability to provide local control and monitoring at the field level when needed.

Applications

Distributed I/O systems are suited for various industrial applications like manufacturing, process control, and building automation, including:

• Conveyor systems
• Control of sensors and actuators in processing units
• Lighting and HVAC control in building management systems
• Material handling and sorting systems

Exploring Remote I/O Systems

A Remote I/O system, also known as Centralized I/O, involves placing I/O modules away from the field devices they interface with. These modules are centralized in a control panel or cabinet and are connected to a central controller or PLC using communication networks like Ethernet, Profibus, or Modbus.

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Key Characteristics

• Centralized Location: I/O modules are housed in a centralized control panel, simplifying maintenance.
• Wiring Length: Suitable for applications with field devices dispersed over larger areas.
• Reduced Environmental Exposure: Modules are protected within control panels, shielding them from harsh conditions.
• Easier Troubleshooting: Centralized modules make diagnosing and troubleshooting more straightforward.
• Control Cabinet Organization: Promotes a cleaner and more organized control cabinet setup.

Applications

Remote I/O systems excel in scenarios such as:

• Oil and gas installations with widespread sensors and actuators
• Water and wastewater treatment plants with multiple remote measurement points
• Conveyor systems in large distribution centers
• Remote monitoring and control in hazardous environments

Making the Right Choice

The choice between Distributed I/O and Remote I/O systems depends on application specifics, field device layout, environmental factors, and operational requirements. Consider these factors:

• Wiring Length: Long distances favor Remote I/O systems.
• Environmental Conditions: Harsh environments might necessitate Remote I/O systems.
• Response Time: Real-time control benefits from Distributed I/O systems.
• Wiring Costs: Distributed I/O systems reduce cabling costs.
• Scalability: Distributed I/O systems offer greater flexibility for future expansion.
• Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Remote I/O systems provide a controlled environment for these tasks.

Conclusion

At SonnePower, we understand the critical nature of managing IO in industrial automation. Our IO modules offer versatile solutions tailored to both Distributed I/O and Remote I/O systems, ensuring you can handle varying needs such as wiring lengths, environmental conditions, and scalability. Trust SonnePower for reliable, efficient, and adaptable IO solutions that enhance productivity and success in your industry. Contact us right now to get the most competitive quotation!

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