George Hardesty Wireless Frequencies
3 minute read

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5G - 4G - 3G Standards:

LTE (4G), GSM (3G & 2G), CDMA (3G & 2G), 5G and ISM. The fundamental difference between these four modern technologies is how they transmit and receive information.

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G communication standard designed to be 10 times faster than standard 3G. The technology provides IP-based communication of voice, multimedia, and streaming at between 100 Mbit per sec and 1 Gbit per second. LTE has an algorithm that can send large chunks of data via IP. This approach streamlines the traffic and reduces latency.

GSM is an abbreviation for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a digital cellular technology used to transmit data and voice communication at a frequency range of 850MHz to MHz. GSM technology uses a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique to transmit data. The GSM system converts the data into a digital signal and sends it through two different time-stamped channels at a rate between 64 kbps and 120 kbps.

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA is a multiple-access mode of communication in which several transmissions are made over the same channel simultaneously. Using a speed spectrum, each transmission is assigned a unique code corresponding to the signal's source and destination.

ISM: Industrial, scientific, and medical radio bands are reserved for medical, scientific, and industrial use and are not intended for telecommunication. Originally, this band of radio frequencies was intended for use in industrial, scientific, and medical ISM machines that operate at this range in order not to interfere with the wider.

5G Cellular Technology

5G promises to boost cellular data transfer to speeds rivaling the fastest fiber optic networks. 5G offers better broadband bandwidth, capacity, and reliability to levels far beyond 4G.

5G, which stands for 5th-generation wireless systems, consists of improved 5th-generation cellular networks deployed in and beyond. The networks use 4G or newly specified 5G frequency bands.

5G Frequency Bands vs. 4G LTE

The primary technologies behind 5G include 26, 28, 38, and 60GHz millimeter wave bands. These 5G frequency bands offer speeds as high as 20Gbps. Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) 64-256 antennas offer performance speeds that are ten times better than the current 4G networks. Low-band and mid-band 5G use frequencies ranging from 600MHz to 6GHz (especially 3.5 &#; 4.2 GHz).

5G wireless frequency bands in the USA that are available and ready for use include &#; MHz and &#; MHz. In Asia, they include  &#; MHz, &#; MHz, and &#; MHz in China, &#; MHz and &#; MHz in Japan, and &#; MHz in Korea. &#; MHz is available in Europe. America has already begun pre-commercial deployment for very high 5G MMW frequency bands 27.5 &#; 28.35GHz & 37 &#; 40GHz.

5g vs 4g, GSM vs CDMA, What's the difference?

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What does the &#;g&#; mean?

The &#;g&#; in 5g and 4g stands for generation of wireless communication and it is used to describe different stages of mobile network technology. Each new generation offers a significant advancement over the previous one with higher data speeds, improved capacity, lower latency, and new capabilities.

What is 5g?

5g is the latest evolution of wireless network technology. 5g uses a new digital system for transforming bytes(data units)over air. 5g uses Radio interface and other technologies that use high frequencies to transfer more data over air at faster speeds, smoother connections even in crowded areas, and shorter delays before data transfer begins. 5g uses a millimeter wave spectrum which allows for more devices to be used in the same geographic area. 5g also uses Massive MIMO which stands for multiple input multiple output which uses focused beams that act like spotlights to track and follow users within a specific area around a cellular site. This targeted approach enhances the coverage, speed, and capacity of the network.

What is the difference between 4g and 5g?

4g is the fourth generation of mobile network technology and is the predecessor to 5g. Compared to 3g, 4g provides previously impossible quality video streaming and calling on the go. This allowed for more video streaming but more congestion in the network. 4G technology is starting to struggle with transferring large amounts of data efficiently over its available frequencies. The main difference between 4g and 5g is that this congestion will be eliminated. During busy times you may not see the maximum signal strength (five bars) on your network indicator. Additionally it could become difficult to access a web browser or load web pages due to the limitations of the 4G network&#;s capacity to handle the high volume of data requests from many users at the same time. This can result in slower internet speeds and potential difficulties in accessing online content. 5g is supposed to be a game-changer for connecting to the internet and it will have a great impact on data-driven industries, smart cities, and infrastructure management. It offers faster speeds, lower latency, and the ability to support a larger number of devices concurrently, leading to more reliable and secure operations.

What is GSM vs CDMA?

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) are two different technologies used in cellular networks by different companies. GSM is the standard in many parts of the world and it uses a SIM card to identify and authenticate a user&#;s mobile device on the network. GSM supports voice and data services and allows for users to easily switch between different GSM-based networks by swapping SIM cards. On the other hand CDMA is mainly used in North America and other specific regions. CDMA does not use a SIM card like GSM but assigns a unique code to each device allowing multiple devices to use the same frequency simultaneously. CDMA supports voice and data services as well. The key differences between these two systems is how they handle calls. GSM uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), where different calls are assigned specific time slots, while CDMA uses Code Division Multiple Access, which allows multiple calls to be transmitted over the same frequency simultaneously using unique codes. Another difference is network compatibility. GSM devices are typically more widely compatible globally, allowing users to use their devices on different GSM networks worldwide by simply swapping SIM cards. CDMA devices are generally more limited in terms of compatibility, as they are often tied to specific carriers. 5G networks can support both GSM and CDMA technologies through use of advanced techniques, allowing for backward compatibility with older devices and networks.

Why is this all important when choosing a plan?

GSM and CDMA is important when choosing a plan because different plans and carriers may use different technologies, such as GSM or CDMA. Knowing which technology your supports is important for compatibility with the network and to make sure your will work on the chosen plan. It is also important to know about CDMA and GSM when thinking about the amount of coverage you want. GSM networks, tend to have broader international coverage compared to CDMA networks. Different networks may have varying coverage areas depending on the technology they use. 4g and 5g is important for terms such as speed and performance when picking out your plan. 4G and 5G networks offer varying levels of speed and performance. Knowing how much speed and performance you need is important when choosing to pay more for 5g.

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