Advantages and problems of ruthenium-iridium titanium ...

Titanium anode has excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, much higher service life than lead anode, can work stably for more than 4,000 hours, low cost, will be the inevitable trend for the development of electroplating zinc, tin production at home and abroad. Titanium electrode is currently used in Japan, the United States, Germany, domestic, not only greatly save plating energy consumption, but also due to the fact that it can increase plating current density, creating conditions for the production of thick galvanized, tin steel plate.

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Titanium anode classification:

1&#;According to the differentiation of gas precipitated from anode in electrochemical reaction, the precipitated chlorine gas is called precipitated chlorine anode, such as ruthenium system coated titanium electrode: the precipitated oxidized one is called precipitated oxygen anode, such as iridium system coated titanium electrode and platinum titanium mesh/plate. Chlorine precipitation anode (ruthenium coated titanium electrode): the electrolyte has high chlorine ion content, generally in hydrochloric acid environment, electrolysis of seawater, electrolysis of salt water environment. The corresponding products of our company are ruthenium-iridium titanium anode and ruthenium-iridium tin titanium anode.

2&#;Oxygen precipitation anode (iridium coated titanium electrode): the electrolyte is usually in sulfuric acid environment. Corresponding to our products are iridium-tantalum anode, iridium-tantalum tin titanium anode, high iridium titanium anode.

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3&#;Platinum coated anode: titanium is the base material. The surface is coated with platinum, the thickness of the coating is generally 0.5-5μm, and the specification of the platinum titanium mesh is generally 12.5×4.5mm or 6×3.5mm.

Ruthenium-iridium titanium anodes have a certain period of working life during electrolytic operation. When the voltage rises to a very high level and no current actually passes through, the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode loses its function, a phenomenon known as anode passivation.

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Passivation of ruthenium-iridium-titanium anodes has the following reasons.

a. Coating flaking

Titanium ruthenium iridium titanium anode consists of titanium substrate and ruthenium iridium titanium active coating, and it is only the ruthenium iridium titanium active coating that plays the role of electrochemical reaction. If the coating and the substrate are not strong enough to combine, it will fall off from the titanium plate substrate, and it will fall off to a certain degree, and then the titanium ruthenium iridium titanium anode loses its function. (Divided into pulverized shedding, convex belly-like layer peeling and cracking type shedding)

b.RuO2 dissolution

Reduce the occurrence of oxygen, then can slow down the generation of oxide film. When the total current density of electrolysis increases, the rate of chlorine generation increases much more than the rate of oxygen generation increases, so the current density increases in favor of chlorine in the reduction of oxygen content. The titanium substrate is pre-oxidized to form a layer of oxide film first, which can increase the binding force of ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating and titanium substrate and make the coating firm, which can prevent the ruthenium from falling off and dissolving, but it will also cause the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode ohmic drop to be elevated.

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For more information, please visit iridium oxide coated titanium anodes.

Additional resources:
How Do MMO Coated Titanium Anodes for Aquaculture Applications Work?

c.Oxide saturation

The active coating is composed of non-stoichiometric RuO2- and TiO2, which are oxygen-deficient oxides. It is the non-stoichiometric oxides that are the real activation centers of the chlorine discharge. The more such oxides there are, the more active centers there are and the better the activity of the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode. The conductivity of ruthenium-iridium-titanium coated anode is the performance presented by the aberrant n-type mixed crystals generated from RuO2 and TiO2 of the same crystalline type by heat treatment, in which there are some oxygen vacancies, and when these oxygen vacancies are filled with oxygen, the overpotential rises rapidly, leading to passivation.

d. Cracks in the coating

Electrolysis in the ruthenium-iridium titanium anode to generate new ecological oxygen, some of which is discharged in the active coating and electrolyte interface, and then leave the anode surface to generate oxygen into solution; due to the existence of cracks in the active coating, and the other part of the oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the anode, through the diffusion or migration through the active coating to reach the coating and the titanium plate substrate interface, and then the oxygen is chemically adsorbed on the surface of titanium substrate and titanium to generate a non-conductive oxide film (TiO2), which is not conductive. Then oxygen is chemically adsorbed on the surface of titanium substrate, generating a non-conductive oxide film (TiO2) with titanium, which generates a reverse resistance; or the electrolyte intrudes through the cracks of the coating, the titanium substrate is slowly oxidized, and the interface with the ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating is corroded so that the ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating is dislodged, which results in the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode with an increased potential. The increase in potential further promotes the dissolution of the coating and the oxidation of the titanium substrate.

Understanding the Significance of Iridium Mixed Metal Oxide Coated
Titanium Electrodes in the Water Treatment Market

Water treatment plays an important role in maintaining water quality and ensuring safe drinking water for everyone. The process of purifying contaminated water involves several stages, including filtration and disinfection.

One essential component of water treatment plants is the use of electrodes to remove contaminants from the water, and iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium electrodes have emerged as a preferred material, here&#;s why.

In this blog post, we will delve into the specifics of iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium electrodes and their role in the water treatment market. We will also explore their benefits and advantages over other materials commonly used in the industry. This post is intended for industry leaders, directors, engineers, and other professionals interested in the subject matter. Simply put, electrodes are used in the water treatment processes to remove contaminants through various electrochemical reactions. Iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium electrodes are specifically significant in the water treatment market for several reasons.
They:

• Demonstrate

  outstanding electrochemical performance in chloride environments whilst their resistance to corrosion and ability to withstand acidic and alkaline environments make them suitable for harsh water treatment processes.

• Exhibit

  superior durability and longevity over other commonly used materials. Their robust physical properties and resistance to wear and tear, coupled with high energy efficiency, make them an ideal choice for water treatment plants.

• Offer

  maximum surface area and excellent oxide retention properties. Their unique material characteristics allow them to maintain stable operation without requiring frequent replacements or maintenance. This means fewer interruptions and less downtime, resulting in cost savings for water treatment plant operators.

• Can also be customised

  to suit specific process requirements. Their versatility and adaptability to various water treatment processes such as electro-catalytic and electrochemical oxidative processes make them suitable for a wide range of applications. As such, they offer a high degree of flexibility that can be tailored to specific water treatment plant needs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium electrodes are vital components in the water treatment market. Their outstanding electrochemical performance in harsh environments, superior durability and longevity, high energy efficiency, and maximum surface area make them an ideal choice for water treatment plants. As the demand for water treatment continues to increase, it&#;s important that industry leaders, directors, engineers, and other professionals stay up to date with the latest developments in electrode technology. Therefore, investing in iridium mixed metal oxide coated titanium electrodes is a wise move for water treatment plants that aim to provide high-quality and safe water for their communities.

Recycling these electrodes and recovering the iridium is essential due to the metal&#;s rarity, and brings with it considerable environmental and financial benefits. By conserving this valuable resource through recycling, we can reduce the need for mining and ensure a more sustainable supply for future generations. Additionally, recycling iridium promotes a circular economy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing fresh metal. Financially speaking, recycling iridium maintains a steady global supply of metal, reducing its price, whilst the recovery and reuse of the metal reduces the need for businesses to buy fresh metal, freeing up funds to use elsewhere.

Mastermelt have expertise in the recovery of precious metals from titanium electrodes coated with a mixed metal oxide including Iridium oxide.   When the electrodes have reached their end-of-life we can offer a service to recycle the electrodes providing a value for the residual Titanium and Iridium contained on the electrodes.

 

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