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Section 6

A reliable method for determining when appreciable volumes of groundwater are encountered is by conducting a preliminary assessment of wells or water sources in the area and having a good understanding of where groundwater occurs. It is generally good practice to inspect as many wells in the vicinity of interest as possible. If the inspected wells encounter groundwater at approximately the same elevation and groundwater does not occur in discontinuous lenses, groundwater should be present in the subsurface at roughly the same elevation as in the inspected wells.

Sometimes, however, there are no nearby boreholes to guide the drilling. In these cases it is often very difficult to know when the borehole has intercepted the water table due to the drilling mud sealing-up the borehole as the drill bit advances.

In general, boreholes should be completed as far as possible into aquifers because:

• more of the aquifer can supply the intake portion of the well, resulting in a higher yielding well (increased specific capacity);
• sufficient saturated thickness is available to maintain well yield even during periods of severe drought or heavy pumping;
• Where clay soils are found, it is often important to drill down and slightly into underlying rock to find significant quantities of water. To learn more about "tropical hydrogeology", see Appendix C-4.

As mentioned earlier, after you stop drilling, ensure that the borehole is kept full of drilling fluid until the casing and screen (Section 7) have been inserted into the well, gravel packed (Section 8) and the sanitary grout seal placed (Section 9).

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit Water Well Drill Pipe.

Brush, R. (197?) "Wells Construction: Hand Dug and Hand Drilled", US Peace Corps, Washington DC.

Driscoll, F. () Groundwater and Wells, St. Paul: Johnson Division

If you think that being surrounded by water means that it is universally and readily available, consier a trip north through the Great Lakes state. First stop, Milan, a mere 35 miles north of the border. The residential water delivery in that area is booming, coutesy of local authorities allowing sand and gravel pits to go deeper and deeper, until area wells dried up. That was a good number of years ago, and most if not all of the wells have returned, but many with an unacceptable sulphur content. North to Ann Arbor; well, just google Gelman and dioxane. How about the tri-city area, Saginaw, Bay City, and Midland. It's improving, quite dramatically by some measures, but think Dow, Chevrolet Gray Iron, etc., then look at the fishing reports for the Titabawassee River and Saginaw Bay. There were many years that you definitely did not want to take your catch home. How about Alabaster, a bit north and east of Standish? Go down any where from 20 to 200', depending on where the white rock shelf is under you, continue through the rock (very costly), and you can have some of the best water there is. You can also find many productive veins above the shelf, and because a lot of it is sand, a lot of them are even hand driven. Not bad tasting water, usually, but just plan to replace your faucets, toilet valves, etc. on a regular basis. North to St. Ignace. Well, not bad water at all, afterall, that is God's country, but there are many places where there is barely enough dirt to grow grass on top of the solid granite and other rocks. Sorry if too long, but point is that there are a lot of reasons that you can't simply stick a pipe in the ground and get water, and, even if you are so lucky, you can't always accept water as, well, water.

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