What is a crawler tractor used for?

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What is a Crawler Tractor?

A crawler tractor is a machine that operates on a set of tracks instead of tires. Commonly called bulldozers or cats from the brand name Caterpillar, these multipurpose vehicles are able to traverse the most treacherous terrain without becoming stuck. The tracks allow the tractor to exert less weight on the ground than a comparable-sized wheeled tractor. This allows the crawler tractor to be used in conditions where a wheeled vehicle cannot be used.

The advantages of a crawler tractor are its ability to disperse its weight out over a much greater area than that of a wheeled tractor. In doing so, a crawler tractor does not compact the soil as much as a wheeled tractor. This is monumental in farming where the soil suffers from compaction. The disadvantage of a track vehicle lies in the complexity of the tracks and the expense in repair over that of a tire.

The crawler tractor was the inspiration for the modern military tank. While the design has been improved since the first tank was built in England, the basic concept remains as it was in the s. A continuous track vehicle was conceived and built in the late s by a Russian farmer. The design has been adjusted and reworked by many since, resulting in the modern crawler tractor.

Most crawler tractors are used in heavy earth moving and construction. The basic tracked chassis is outfitted with a blade or crane attachment. Many tracked vehicles are also used in farming. The crawler tractor gained its popularity as a farming tool in the United States during The Great Dust Bowl. In many books and movies of that era, the symbol of the times is that of a crawler tractor making its way through the dusty fields of Oklahoma.

While the basic operation of a tracked vehicle is similar to a wheeled vehicle, the main difference lies in steering. Instead of a steering wheel, a track vehicle utilizes a twin stick braking system. The operator applies the brake on the track in the direction of the turn. To turn right, the right track is stopped and the left track drives the vehicle to the right. For a left turn, the brake is applied to the left track and the right track pushes the vehicle around to the left.

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The crawler tractor is responsible for successful construction projects in areas which would have been impossible to traverse with a wheeled vehicle. It has been the basis for which military vehicles have been built and it has allowed farming to occur in soft dusty areas. They are also the inspiration for such recreational vehicles as snowmobiles.

Advantages of crawler tractors

1. The grounding ratio is low to protect the soil

Avoid the formation of plough bottom in dry land by dragging, so as to preserve moisture and prevent drought; The hard bottom layer of paddy field shall be prevented from being damaged to ensure the normal cultivation of paddy field; The specific ground pressure of wheel trailer is 3 times that of shoe trailer. The test shows that the emergence rate of cultivated land after wheel trailer compaction is only 30% - 40%, while the emergence rate after shoe trailer compaction can still reach 80% - 90%; The wheel rut of wheel trailer in paddy field even affects the transplanting and harvesting, and even causes the mud feet to deepen and cannot be cultivated.

2. Large traction force, obvious advantages of deep turning and loading operation

The traction force of wheeled tractor with the same weight is 1.4-1.8 times that of wheeled tractor. In terms of traction efficiency, the large traction efficiency of wheeled tractor Zui is 55-65%, and that of crawler tractor can reach 70-80%. That is to say, for tractors with the same horsepower, the effective power of wheeled tractor engine is 15% more than that of wheeled tractor.

3. Operation efficiency and half a kilo of wheel tractor

Tractors are used for farmland operations. The speed of rotary tillage is generally 5-6km/h, the speed of ploughing is generally 7-9km/h, and the speed of harrowing is generally 10-12km/h. The plowing speed of the tractor is the same as that of the wheel tractor. The tractor tractor is not slower than the wheel tractor in plowing, harrowing, sowing and other farmland operations, and the traction advantage is obvious.

4. Super trafficability and climbing ability

Crawler tractors have low center of gravity, large adhesion coefficient, good slope stability against overturning and sliding, small turning radius mobility, strong off-road climbing ability and other characteristics. They are more adaptable to farmland and terrace operations in mountainous and hilly areas than wheel trailers, especially when equipped with rubber tracks, they belong to all terrain operating machinery.

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