Natural gas is mostly composed of methane (often at least 90%), although it may also include ethane, propane, and heavier hydrocarbons. The &#;pipeline&#; of natural gas may also include trace quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, and water. During the pre-treatment process, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, and water are all removed. 

If you want to learn more, please visit our website LNG Cryogenic Cylinder.

The liquefaction process compresses, cools, condenses, and reduces the pressure and temperature at which methane, the principal component of natural gas, liquefies. The whole process may be adjusted to produce the purest form of LNG. 

Storage and regasification of LNG Cylinder

By storing LNG and providing natural gas to final users, LNG receiving terminals contribute to the LNG value chain. A pipeline, LNG storage tanks, compressors, vaporizers, pumps, and other components are often included. The LNG from the LNG carrier ship is transferred to the storage tank through the unloading pipeline. The stored LNG is transported to the vaporizer process by a pump in the storage tank. The vaporization process is used to provide natural gas to the end user. 

Recirculation, depressurization, and unloading are all steps in the LNG unloading process. To prevent pipeline heat prior to LNG unloading, the unloading pipeline must be kept cryogenic. A little amount of LNG from the storage tank is continually cycled through the pipeline during the recirculation stage to keep it cool. The pipeline pressure is decreased to the amount necessary to carry LNG from the carrier to the storage tank during the depressurization process. Following the unloading stage, the process advances to the first phase of recirculation. 

The vapor from the LNG constantly evaporates due to the absorbed heat in the storage tank and the cryogenic pipelines during the unloading and storage of LNG Cylinder. This vapor is referred to as boil-off gas (BOG). Because of the 600-fold increase in volume, it may cause physical damage in LNG facilities. When the BOG is over-treated, more energy is used. As a consequence, effective BOG management is required for energy savings. For LNG receiving facilities, re-condensation and direct compression are popular BOG handling processes. Using a BOG compressor, BOG from the storage tank is compressed to roughly 10 bars and blended with enough send-out LNG to generate a liquid mixture, which is then pumped into the re-condenser. The liquid combination is compressed to supply pressure and evaporated by saltwater in a high-pressure (HP) pump. The BOG will not be condensed in the re-condenser if the LNG rate indicated in the requests is insufficient to condense all of it. The HP compressor compresses the residual BOG in the re-condenser to pipeline pressure and instantly delivers it to the pipeline, where it is mixed with the natural gas (Park et al., ). Because the HP compressor uses a substantial amount of energy, it is desirable to decrease the HP compressor&#;s operation. 

Refrigeration of LNG Cylinder

No amount of insulation, no matter how efficient, can keep the temperature of LNG cold on its own. LNG is stored as a &#;boiling cryogen,&#; which implies that at its boiling point at the pressure at which it is stored, it is a very cold liquid. The temperature of stored LNG Cylinder is comparable to that of boiling water, but 470°F [243°C] lower. The temperature of boiling water (212°F [100°C]) does not change with increasing heat because it is cooled by evaporation (steam generation). Similarly, if kept at constant pressure, LNG will keep its temperature close to constant. This is referred to as &#;auto refrigeration.&#; As long as the steam (LNG vapor boil off in LNG Cylinder) is allowed to depart the tea kettle, the temperature will remain constant (tank). 

If the vapor is not removed, the pressure and temperature inside the vessel will rise. Even at 100 psig [6.7 barg], the temperature of the LNG will be about -200°F [-129°C]. 

LNG Cylinder of Vehicle Fuel 

The vehicle cylinder is a vacuum super insulated cryogenic container that allows liquid natural gas to be stored at low temperatures for lengthy periods of time with very little usage. 

• Make safety your first concern. Only manufacture LNG cylinders that pass the inspection items outlined in the Codes and Standards. 
• Extremely long service life Using acquired expertise and know-how, manufacture cryogenic liquefied gas cylinders for industrial applications. 
• Superior thermal insulation 90 percent insulation technology that does not bend even after being completely charged for 5 days 

• A straightforward repair structures 
• Plan for easy component replacement in the case of a problem. 
• Customized production based on customer specifications We have superior LNG cylinder design and manufacturing methods that enable us to respond swiftly to demands regardless of vehicle type or volume. 

As we can see, LNG storage system is working on the very low range of temperature, or on the cryogenic process. It is important and mandatory that to operate in the low region temperature, the materials and process have to withstand the cryogenic effect. This causes the cryogenic tanks to be considered as one of the main component and important equipment for LNG Storage System as well. 

Chemical Datasheet

LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (CRYOGENIC LIQUID)

Chemical Identifiers | Hazards | Response Recommendations | Physical Properties | Regulatory Information | Alternate Chemical Names

Chemical Identifiers

CAS Number UN/NA Number DOT Hazard Label USCG CHRIS Code

• 74-82-8  

• Flammable Gas

• LNG

NIOSH Pocket Guide International Chem Safety Card

none

• METHANE

NFPA 704

Diamond Hazard Value Description 4 3 0 Health 3 Can cause serious or permanent injury. Flammability 4 Burns readily. Rapidly or completely vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature. Instability 0 Normally stable, even under fire conditions. Special

(NFPA, )

General Description

Methane is a colorless odorless gas. It is also known as marsh gas or methyl hydride. It is easily ignited. The vapors are lighter than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used in making other chemicals and as a constituent of the fuel, natural gas.

Hazards

Reactivity Alerts

• Highly Flammable

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable.

Fire Hazard

EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen ( UN ), Deuterium ( UN ), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid ( UN ), Methane ( UN ) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed ( UN ) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. CAUTION: When LNG - Liquefied natural gas ( UN ) is released on or near water, product may vaporize explosively. (ERG, )

Health Hazard

If concentration of gas is high enough, may cause asphyxiation. No detectable systemic effects, even at 5% concentration in air. (USCG, )

Reactivity Profile

Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely ].

Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)

Potentially Incompatible Absorbents

No information available.

Response Recommendations

Isolation and Evacuation

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for meters (1 mile) in all directions. In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for meters (1 mile) in all directions. In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) ( UN ), Butane ( UN ), Butylene ( UN ), Isobutylene ( UN ), Propylene ( UN ), Isobutane ( UN ), and Propane ( UN ), also refer to the " BLEVE - Safety Precautions " section. (ERG, )

Firefighting

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. CAUTION: Hydrogen (

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, )

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. CAUTION: Hydrogen ( UN ), Deuterium ( UN ), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid ( UN ) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed ( UN ) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas ( UN ) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, )

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Non-Fire Response

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas ( UN ), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, )

Protective Clothing

Self-contained breathing apparatus; protective clothing if exposed to liquid. (USCG, )

DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics

No information available.

First Aid

Additional resources:
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Remove victim to open air. If he is overcome by gas, apply artificial resuscitation. (USCG, )

Physical Properties

What is this information?

Note: For Vapor Density and Specific Gravity, comparing the value to 1.0 can tell you if the chemical will likely sink/rise in air or sink/float in fresh water (respectively). Short phrases have been added to those values below as an aid. However, make sure to also consider the circumstances of a release. The Vapor Density comparisons are only valid when the gas escaping is at the same temperature as the surrounding air itself. If the chemical is escaping from a container where it was pressurized or refrigerated, it may first escape and behave as a heavy gas and sink in the air (even if it has a Vapor Density value less than 1). Also, the Specific Gravity comparisons are for fresh water (density 1.0 g/mL). If your spill is in salt water (density about 1.027 g/mL), you need to adjust the point of comparison. There are some chemicals that will sink in fresh water and float in salt water.

The Physical Property fields include properties such as vapor pressure and boiling point, as well as explosive limits and toxic exposure thresholds The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of data sources For Vapor Density and Specific Gravity, comparing the value to 1.0 can tell you if the chemical will likely sink/rise in air or sink/float in fresh water (respectively). Short phrases have been added to those values below as an aid. However, make sure to also consider the circumstances of a release. The Vapor Density comparisons are only valid when the gas escaping is at the same temperature as the surrounding air itself. If the chemical is escaping from a container where it was pressurized or refrigerated, it may first escape and behave as a heavy gas and sink in the air (even if it has a Vapor Density value less than 1). Also, the Specific Gravity comparisons are for fresh water (density 1.0 g/mL). If your spill is in salt water (density about 1.027 g/mL), you need to adjust the point of comparison. There are some chemicals that will sink in fresh water and float in salt water.

Chemical Formula:

• CH4

Flash Point: data unavailable

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL):

5.3 % (USCG, )

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL):

14 % (USCG, )

Autoignition Temperature:

999°F (USCG, )

Melting Point:

-296°F (USCG, )

Vapor Pressure: data unavailable

Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable

Specific Gravity:

0.415 to 0.45 at -259.6°F (USCG, )

Boiling Point:

-258°F at 760 mmHg (USCG, )

Molecular Weight:

greater than 16 (USCG, )

Water Solubility: data unavailable

Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable

IDLH: data unavailable

AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)

No AEGL information available.

ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)

No ERPG information available.

PACs (Protective Action Criteria)

Chemical PAC-1 PAC-2 PAC-3 Methane (74-82-8) ppm ppm ppm LEL = ppm

(DOE, )

Regulatory Information

What is this information?

The Regulatory Information fields include information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Title III Consolidated List of Lists, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards, and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Standard List (see more about these data sources ).

EPA Consolidated List of Lists

Regulatory Name CAS Number/
313 Category Code EPCRA 302
EHS TPQ EPCRA 304
EHS RQ CERCLA RQ EPCRA 313
TRI RCRA
Code CAA 112(r)
RMP TQ Methane 74-82-8 pounds

(EPA List of Lists, )

CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)

RELEASE THEFT SABOTAGE Chemical of Interest CAS Number Min Conc STQ Security
Issue Min Conc STQ Security
Issue Min Conc STQ Security
Issue Methane 74-82-8 1.00 % pounds flammable

(CISA, )

OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List

No regulatory information available.

Alternate Chemical Names

What is this information?

This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical, including trade names and synonyms.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of industrial gas tank. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

• LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
• LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (CRYOGENIC LIQUID)
• LNG
• LNG (CRYOGENIC LIQUID)
• NATURAL GAS, LIQUIFIED