What is PVC | What is uPVC

What is PVC | What is uPVC

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PVC is the three-letter acronym used to describe polyvinyl chloride, a synthetic plastic and highly versatile material. PVC is widely used within modern society and sector applications as pipe for transporting fluids from water to chemicals to ingredients. uPVC stands for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride and is PVC without plasticizing (flexibility) agents added. PVC and uPVC is often used to refer to the same product and most standard PVC pipe is actually uPVC pipe. At its basic level, PVC is a repeating macromolecule of individual vinyl chloride (VC) monomer units that have been joined together by chemical reaction to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride, PVC.

To classify the polymer, PVC belongs to the thermoplastic division of plastic materials. As a thermoplastic, this means PVC softens when heated and can become molten for use in production or recycled for reuse. This is similar to olefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene that are also thermoplastics. Also similar to olefins, PVC is derived from the refinery process of natural oil resources that make modern fuels. Ethylene gas and chlorine from rock salt (NaCl) are reacted together to produce vinyl chloride, which is then further refined to produce polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC.

PVC Characteristics and Properties

PVC as a material is fairly durable, flexible, and resistant to many harsh working conditions that can involve chemicals, soil, water, wastewater and water pressure. As a plastic, PVC is naturally resistant to corroding, rusting and the effects of weathering, excluding PVC&#;s long term sensitivity to continuous ultraviolet (UV) sun exposure. Within chemical handling and processing, PVC offers sufficient chemical strength and compatibility with many corrosives, strong and weak acids, weak bases and caustics as well as halide / brine solutions.

When compared to many metallic materials that are used for similar applications, products made from PVC are lightweight, more easily maneuvered, can exhibit less chemical reactivity. They also often report lower purchase and installation costs that in turn promotes a greater service life to cost ratio. Plumbing and equipment manufactured from PVC can have a service life potential of 100 years or more when employed within ideal, non-damaging work environments.

In terms of working conditions, properties and sensitivity, PVC can be susceptible to elevated temperatures, scenarios that can experience freezing fluids, applications involving pressurized gases and long term outdoor installation with sun exposure. Maximum service temperatures for PVC cap around 140°F (60°C) where softening of the PVC material can begin to occur. Minimum temperatures for PVC are relevant whenever handling liquids and is largely dependent on the freezing point of the liquid. Fluid freezing should be avoided in PVC pipes as the accompanying expansion can cause damage or fracturing of the structural material.

PVC as tubing and pipework lacks the structural engineering durability to handle pressurized gases and are not intended for gas / air conveyance due to the potential for bursting. Unless covered, painted or fabricated with UV stabilizing compounds such as titanium dioxide, PVC is not recommended for extended, above ground outdoor uses. Free radical reactions along the material&#;s surface will overtime lead to PVC discoloration and increase plastic embrittlement, noting however this only applies to PVC&#;s external resilience to impacts and drops.

How is PVC Used

First implemented in the s, PVC is now heavily used within water delivery pipes, venting and duckwork for structures, appliances and equipment, plumbing conveyance of sewage and wastes, chemical fluid transfer, in construction engineering as well as an array of individual, unique items and consumer products. When used in applications, PVC is considered non-toxic and relatively inert when manufactured free of specific, potentially harmful additives to the base resin material, such as lead. The most common form of PVC is unplasticized PVC (uPVC) and is the type of PVC used to fabricate rigid materials such as pipes, sheets and structural equipment. The other common PVC type is plasticized PVC where, as the name indicates, has had plasticizing agents added to the resin that increase the material&#;s flexibility. Plasticized PVC is often used to produce flexible tubing, apparel wear and PVC hoses.

Most often whenever the PVC acronym is mentioned, the use of uPVC as the material type is implicated and understood less otherwise stated. Unplasticized PVC is acceptable for ANSI and NSF 61 certification for its use in handling potable, drinkable water. Other common PVC use design certifications include ASTM D, D, D, D and AWWA C900/909. These various design approvals and manufacturing standards for polyvinyl chloride approve the polymer for its use within the many modern application scenarios that PVC is now commonly used within.

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## Introduction to UPVC and PVC Pipes

When it comes to plumbing, choosing the right type of pipes is essential for ensuring a reliable and long-lasting system. Two popular options in the market are UPVC (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride) and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) pipes. While they may sound similar, there are significant differences between the two. In this article, we will explore the distinctions, advantages, disadvantages, and factors to consider when deciding between UPVC and PVC pipes.

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Understanding the Differences between UPVC and PVC Pipes

UPVC and PVC pipes are both made from a combination of vinyl resin and various additives. However, the main difference lies in the plasticization process. UPVC pipes are made from rigid PVC, which means they do not contain any plasticizers. On the other hand, PVC pipes are made from flexible PVC, which includes plasticizers to make them more pliable.

Due to the absence of plasticizers, UPVC pipes are stiffer and more rigid than PVC pipes. This rigidity makes UPVC pipes ideal for applications that require high pressure and structural integrity, such as underground water supply lines and sewage systems. PVC pipes, with their flexibility, are better suited for applications that require bending and maneuverability, such as irrigation systems and drainage pipes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of UPVC Pipes

UPVC pipes offer several advantages that make them a preferred choice for many plumbing projects. Firstly, their rigidity and high tensile strength make them resistant to cracking and breaking, ensuring a long lifespan. UPVC pipes are also highly resistant to chemical corrosion, making them suitable for carrying various types of fluids. Additionally, they have a smooth inner surface, reducing friction and allowing for efficient water flow.

However, it is important to consider the disadvantages of UPVC pipes as well. Due to their rigidity, UPVC pipes can be challenging to install in tight spaces or areas with complex layouts. They also have a tendency to expand and contract with temperature changes, which may lead to leaks if not properly accounted for. Furthermore, UPVC pipes are relatively more expensive compared to PVC pipes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of PVC Pipes

PVC pipes, with their flexibility and versatility, offer their own set of advantages. Their pliability makes them easy to install, especially in areas with limited space or unconventional layouts. PVC pipes are also resistant to rust and corrosion, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. Furthermore, they have excellent insulating properties, reducing heat loss in hot water systems.

However, there are some disadvantages to consider when using PVC pipes. Their flexibility can also be a drawback, as they may sag or deform under high pressure or when exposed to extreme temperatures. PVC pipes are also not as strong as UPVC pipes and may be prone to cracking or breaking if mishandled. Additionally, PVC pipes may release toxic fumes when burned, which can be a safety concern.

Factors to Consider When Choosing between UPVC and PVC Pipes

When deciding between UPVC and PVC pipes, it is essential to consider several factors. The first consideration is the specific application. If you require a pipe for high-pressure systems or underground installations, UPVC pipes would be the better choice due to their rigidity and strength. On the other hand, if flexibility and ease of installation are more important, PVC pipes would be a suitable option.

Another factor to consider is the environmental impact. UPVC pipes are considered more environmentally friendly as they do not contain plasticizers, which can be harmful to the environment. PVC pipes, although widely used, have raised concerns due to the potential release of toxic substances during production and disposal.

Cost is also an important factor to consider. UPVC pipes tend to be more expensive than PVC pipes, so it is crucial to evaluate your budget and project requirements before making a decision. Additionally, the availability of the pipes in your area and the expertise required for installation should be taken into account.

Common Applications of UPVC Pipes

UPVC pipes find applications in various plumbing systems and industries. They are commonly used in water supply networks, both for underground and above-ground installations. UPVC pipes are also suitable for sewage systems, irrigation systems, and industrial piping. Their rigidity and resistance to corrosion make them ideal for carrying hot and cold water, chemicals, and other fluids.

Common Applications of PVC Pipes

PVC pipes are widely used in both residential and commercial plumbing systems. Their flexibility and ease of installation make them suitable for a range of applications. PVC pipes are commonly used in drainage systems, vent pipes, and rainwater management systems. They are also utilized in irrigation systems, swimming pools, and household plumbing fixtures.

Cost Comparison between UPVC and PVC Pipes

When it comes to cost, PVC pipes are generally more affordable compared to UPVC pipes. The lower cost of PVC pipes makes them a popular choice for many plumbing projects, especially those with budget constraints. However, it is important to consider the long-term benefits and durability of the pipes as well. While UPVC pipes may have a higher upfront cost, their sturdiness and resistance to corrosion can result in lower maintenance and replacement expenses in the long run.

Maintenance and Durability of UPVC and PVC Pipes

Both UPVC and PVC pipes require minimal maintenance, making them convenient options for plumbing systems. However, the durability of the pipes can vary. UPVC pipes, being rigid and resistant to chemical corrosion, have a longer lifespan and require fewer repairs or replacements. PVC pipes may require more frequent inspections and maintenance due to their flexibility and potential for sagging or deformation under pressure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the choice between UPVC and PVC pipes depends on several factors. Consider the specific application, environmental impact, cost, and durability when making your decision. UPVC pipes are suitable for high-pressure systems and underground installations, while PVC pipes are flexible and easy to install. Both types of pipes have their advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to weigh them against your plumbing needs. By considering these factors, you can make an informed decision and ensure a reliable and efficient plumbing system for your needs.

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