What is Epimedium powder used for?

Is it safe?

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When taken by mouth: Horny goat weed extract is possibly safe when used short-term. A specific extract of horny goat weed containing phytoestrogens has been taken by mouth safely for up to 2 years. Another extract containing a chemical called icariin has been taken safely for up to 6 months.

But some types of horny goat weed are possibly unsafe when used for a long period of time or in high doses. Serious side effects including severe breathing problems have been reported.

Special precautions & warnings:

Pregnancy: Horny goat weed is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth during pregnancy. It might harm the developing fetus. Avoid using it.

Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if horny goat weed is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Bleeding disorders: Horny goat weed might slow blood clotting. This might increase the risk of bleeding. Taking horny goat weed might make bleeding disorders worse.

Hormone sensitive cancers and conditions: Horny goat weed acts like estrogen and can increase estrogen levels in some people. Horny goat weed might worsen some estrogen-sensitive conditions, such as breast and uterine cancer.

Surgery: Horny goat weed might slow blood clotting. This might increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. Stop taking horny goat weed at least 2 weeks before surgery.

Chen, K. M., Ge, B. F., Ma, H. P., and Zheng, R. L. The serum of rats administered flavonoid extract from Epimedium sagittatum but not the extract itself enhances the development of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Pharmazie ;59(1):61-64. View abstract.

Chen, X., Zhou, M., and Wang, J. [Effect of epimedium sagittatum on soluble IL-2 receptor and IL-6 levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke.Za Zhi. ;34(2):102-104. View abstract.

Chiba, K., Yamazaki, M., Umegaki, E., Li, M. R., Xu, Z. W., Terada, S., Taka, M., Naoi, N., and Mohri, T. Neuritogenesis of herbal (+)- and (-)-syringaresinols separated by chiral HPLC in PC12h and Neuro2a cells. Biol.Pharm Bull ;25(6):791-793. View abstract.

Iinuma, M., Tanaka, T., Sakakibara, N., Mizuno, M., Matsuda, H., Shiomoto, H., and Kubo, M. [Phagocytic activity of leaves of Epimedium species on mouse reticuloendotherial system]. Yakugaku Zasshi ;110(3):179-185. View abstract.

Lee, M. K., Choi, Y. J., Sung, S. H., Shin, D. I., Kim, J. W., and Kim, Y. C. Antihepatotoxic activity of icariin, a major constituent of Epimedium koreanum. Planta Med ;61(6):523-526. View abstract.

Liao, H. J., Chen, X. M., and Li, W. G. [Effect of Epimedium sagittatum on quality of life and cellular immunity in patients of hemodialysis maintenance]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. ;15(4):202-204. View abstract.

Ma, A., Qi, S., Xu, D., Zhang, X., Daloze, P., and Chen, H. Baohuoside-1, a novel immunosuppressive molecule, inhibits lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation 9-27-;78(6):831-838. View abstract.

Tan, X. and Weng, W. [Efficacy of epimedium compound pills in the treatment of the aged patients with kidney deficiency syndrome of ischemic cardio-cerebral vascular diseases]. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. ;23(5):450-452. View abstract.

Wang, T., Zhang, J. C., Chen, Y., Huang, F., Yang, M. S., and Xiao, P. G. [Comparison of antioxidative and antitumor activities of six flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. ;32(8):715-718. View abstract.

Wang, Y. K. and Huang, Z. Q. Protective effects of icariin on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by H2O2 in vitro. Pharmacol.Res ;52(2):174-182. View abstract.

Wang, Z. Q. and Lou, Y. J. Proliferation-stimulating effects of icaritin and desmethylicaritin in MCF-7 cells. Eur.J Pharmacol. 11-19-;504(3):147-153. View abstract.

Wu H, Lu Y Du S Chen W Wang Y. [Comparative study on absorption kinetics in intestines of rats of epimedii foliunm of Xianlinggubao capsules prepared by different processes]. [Article in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. ;36(19):-.

Wu, B. Y., Zou, J. H., and Meng, S. C. [Effect of wolfberry fruit and epimedium on DNA synthesis of the aging-youth 2BS fusion cells]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. ;23(12):926-928. View abstract.

Wu, H., Lien, E. J., and Lien, L. L. Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium species: a survey. Prog.Drug Res ;60:1-57. View abstract.

Yan, F. F., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. F., and Zhao, Y. X. Herba Epimedii water extract elevates estrogen level and improves lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Phytother.Res. ;22(9):-. View abstract.

Yin, X. X., Chen, Z. Q., Dang, G. T., Ma, Q. J., and Liu, Z. J. [Effects of Epimedium pubescens icariine on proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. ;30(4):289-291. View abstract.

Zhao YL, Song HR Fei JX Liang Y Zhang BH Liu QP Wang J Hu P. The effects of Chinese yam-epimedium mixture on respiratory function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Tradit Chin Med. ;32(2):203-207.

Zhao, L., Lan, L. G., Min, X. L., Lu, A. H., Zhu, L. Q., He, X. H., and He, L. J. [Integrated treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for early- and intermediate-stage diabetic nephropathy]. Nan.Fang Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. ;27(7):-. View abstract.

Zhao, Y., Cui, Z., and Zhang, L. [Effects of icariin on the differentiation of HL-60 cells]. Zhonghua Zhong.Liu Za Zhi. ;19(1):53-55. View abstract.

Zheng, M. S. An experimental study of the anti-HSV-II action of 500 herbal drugs. J Tradit.Chin Med ;9(2):113-116. View abstract.

Anon. In vitro screening of traditional medicines for anti-HIV activity: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ ;67:613-8. View abstract.

Cirigliano MD, Szapary PO. Horny goat weed for erectile dysfunction. Alt Med Alert ;4:19-22.

Corazza O, Martinotti G, Santacroce R, et al. Sexual enhancement products for sale online: raising awareness of the psychoactive effects of yohimbine, maca, horny goat weed, and Ginkgo biloba. Biomed Res Int ;:. View abstract.

De Naeyer A, Pocock V, Milligan S, De Keukeleire D. Estrogenic activity of a polyphenolic extract of the leaves of Epimedium brevicornum. Fitoterapia ;76:35-40. View abstract.

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Hai Y, Zuo L, Wang M, et al. Icariin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Improving Liver Fatty Acid Oxidation and Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation. Molecules ;28(2):517. View abstract.

Ho CC, Tan HM. Rise of herbal and traditional medicine in erectile dysfunction management. Curr Urol Rep ;12(6):470-8. View abstract.

Huang S, Meng N, Chang B, Quan X, Yuan R, Li B. Anti-inflammatory activity of Epimedium brevicornu maxim ethanol extract. J Med Food. ;21(7):726-733. View abstract.

Indran IR, Liang RL, Min TE, Yong EL. Preclinical studies and clinical evaluation of compounds from the genus Epimedium for osteoporosis and bone health. Pharmacol Ther ;162:188-205. doi: 10./j.pharmthera..01.015. View abstract.

Irfan M, Kwon TH, Lee DH, et al. Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Apr ;:. View abstract.

Li K, Yu XH, Maskey AR, et al. Cytochrome P450 3A4 suppression by epimedium and active compound kaempferol leads to synergistic anti-inflammatory effect with corticosteroid. Front Pharmacol ;13:. View abstract.

Li P, Zhang L, Guo Z, et al. Epimedium koreanum Nakai-Induced Liver Injury-A Mechanistic Study Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol ;13:. View abstract.

Liang, R. N., Liu, J., and Lu, J. [Treatment of refractory polycystic ovary syndrome by bushen huoxue method combined with ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi ;28(4):314-317. View abstract.

Lin CC, Ng LT, Hsu FF, et al. Cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents (berberine, coptisine and icariin) on hepatoma and leukaemia cell growth. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol ;31:65-9. View abstract.

Meng FH, Li YB, Xiong ZL, et al. Osteoblastic proliferative activity of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Phytomedicine ;12:189-93. View abstract.

Ning H, Xin ZC, Lin G, et al. Effects of icariin on phosphodiesterase-5 activity in vitro and cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in cavernous smooth muscle cells. Urology ;68:-4. View abstract.

Parisi GC, Zilli M, Miani MP, et al. High-fiber diet supplementation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a multicenter, randomized, open trial comparison between wheat bran diet and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG). Dig Dis Sci ;47:-704.. View abstract.

Partin JF, Pushkin YR. Tachyarrhythmia and hypomania with horny goat weed. Psychosomatics ;45:536-7. View abstract.

Phillips M, Sullivan B, Snyder B, et al. Effect of Enzyte on QT and QTc intervals. Arch Intern Med ;170:-4. View abstract.

Ramanathan VS, Mitropoulos E, Shlopov B, et al. An Enzyte'ing' case of acute hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol ;45(9):834-5. View abstract.

Shen P, Guo BL, Gong Y, et al. Taxonomic, genetic, chemical and estrogenic characteristics of Epimedium species. Phytochemistry ;68:-58. View abstract.

Shi S, Wang F, Huang Y, et al. Epimedium for osteoporosis based on Western and Eastern medicine: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol ;13:. View abstract.

Tan K, Yang W, Pang L, Hou F. Differences in clinical characteristics among 726 patients with Chinese herbal medicine- or Western medicine-induced liver injury. Medicine (Baltimore) ;101(32):e. View abstract.

Teo YL, Cheong WF, Cazenave-Gassiot A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of prenylflavonoids following oral ingestion of standardized epimedium extract in humans. Planta Med. ;85(4):347-355. View abstract.

Wang J, Cao Y, Feng X, et al. Study on the synergistic and attenuating mechanism of the combination of Epimedium and Ligustri lucidi fructus based on pharmacokinetics. J Sep Sci ;45(18):-. View abstract.

Yap SP, Shen P, Li J, et al. Molecular and pharmacodynamic properties of estrogenic extracts from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Epimedium. J Ethnopharmacol ;113:218-24. View abstract.

Yin XX, Chen ZQ, Liu ZJ, et al. Icariine stimulates proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts by increasing production of bone morphogenetic protein 2. Chin Med J (Engl) ;120:204-10. View abstract.

Yong EL, Cheong WF, Huang Z, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics and effects of Epimedium prenylflavonoids, on bone specific alkaline phosphatase and the osteoclast adaptor protein TRAF6 in post-menopausal women. Phytomedicine ;91:. View abstract.

Younger J, Donovan EK, Hodgin KS, Ness TJ. A placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover trial of botanical agents for Gulf war illness: Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum). Int J Environ Res Public Health ;18(7):. View abstract.

Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, et al. In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol ;98:295-300. View abstract.

Zhang G, Qin L, Shi Y. Epimedium-derived phytoestrogen flavonoids exert beneficial effect on preventing bone loss in late postmenopausal women: a 24-month randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res ;22:-9. View abstract.

Zhang X, Li Y, Yang X, et al. Inhibitory effect of Epimedium extract on S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and biomethylation. Life Sci ;78:180-6. View abstract.

Zhong Q, Shi Z, Zhang L, et al. The potential of Epimedium koreanum Nakai for herb-drug interaction. J Pharm Pharmacol ;69(10):-408. doi: 10./jphp.. View abstract.

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